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Colon

Interpretations

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Tier 2
APC
Variants
APC any missense
APC any nonsense
APC any frameshift
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

Somatic APC mutations are common events in colorectal adenocarcinomas, reported in up to 76% of the cases. Loss of normal APC function is known to be an early event in both familial and sporadic colon cancer pathogenesis, occurring at the pre-adenoma stage. APC mutations do not appear to significantly affect the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. While there are a number of small molecule inhibitors in development that target the Wnt pathway, there is currently no matched targeted therapy available for colorectal cancer patients harboring an APC mutation.

Last updated: 2017-03-15 21:09:57 UTC
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Tier 2
APC
Variants
APC codon(s) 1464 frameshift
APC Q1338*
APC R1114*
APC codon(s) 1556 frameshift
APC R876*
APC codon(s) 1465 frameshift
APC codon(s) 1307 frameshift
APC Q1429*
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

Somatic APC mutations are common events in colorectal adenocarcinomas, reported in up to 76% of the cases. Loss of normal APC function is known to be an early event in both familial and sporadic colon cancer pathogenesis, occurring at the pre-adenoma stage. APC mutations do not significantly affect the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. While there are a number of small molecule inhibitors in development that target the Wnt pathway, there is currently no matched targeted therapy available for colorectal cancer patients harboring an APC mutation.

Last updated: 2017-03-15 21:14:46 UTC
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Tier 3
APC
Variants
APC E1317Q
Primary Sites
Colon
Stomach
Thyroid
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Carcinoma
Interpretation

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a disease with autosomal-dominant inheritance that predisposes to carcinoma of the colorectum, stomach, duodenum, and thyroid. There is increasing evidence that germline variants in APC (E1317Q) predispose to the development of multiple colorectal adenomas and carcinoma.

Last updated: 2015-12-09 20:11:10 UTC
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Tier 3
ATM
Variants
ATM P604S
ATM A1309T
ATM F858L
ATM P2699S
Primary Sites
Lung
Breast
Colon
Rectum
Unknown
Esophagus
Stomach
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

ATM alterations have been reported as germline variants which predispose to inherited cancer syndromes and as somatic (acquired) variants in tumors. ATM is part of many signalling networks, including cell metabolism and growth, oxidative stress, and chromatin remodelling, all of which can affect cancer progression. Although ATM is considered to be a tumour suppressor, ATM signaling may be advantageous to cancer cells in some settings, particularly in resistance to radio- and chemotherapeutic treatment. For this reason, the use of ATM inhibitors in cancer therapy is under exploration.

Last updated: 2019-01-22 18:50:49 UTC
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Tier 1
BRAF
Variants
BRAF V600E
BRAF codon(s) 600 any
BRAF V600D
BRAF V600K
BRAF V600R
BRAF V600M
BRAF V600G
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

Presence of a BRAF c.1799T>A, p.Val600Glu (V600E) mutation in a microsatellite unstable colorectal carcinoma indicates that the tumor is probably sporadic and not associated with Lynch syndrome (HNPCC). However, if a BRAF mutation is not detected, the tumor may either be sporadic or Lynch syndrome associated. Detection of BRAF mutations may also be useful in determining patient eligibility for anti-EGFR treatment. Approximately 8--15% of colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors harbor BRAF mutations. The presence of BRAF mutation is significantly associated with right-sided colon cancers and is associated with decreased overall survival. Some studies have reported that patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) that harbor BRAF mutations do not respond to anti-EGFR antibody agents cetuximab or panitumumab in the chemotherapy-refractory setting. BRAF V600-mutated CRCs may not be sensitive to V600E targeted TKIs. Drug: Vemurafenib + Panitumumab, Encorafenib + Binimetinib + Cetuximab, Radiation + Trametinib + Fluorouracil

Last updated: 2018-03-15 21:07:15 UTC
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Tier 2
BRAF
Variants
BRAF D594E
BRAF codon(s) 594 any
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

The D594E mutation in BRAF is believed to result in inactivation of BRAF and, therefore, BRAF inhibitors are not likely to be effective.

Last updated: 2017-03-15 21:02:32 UTC
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Tier 3
FBXW7
Variants
FBXW7 R479Q
FBXW7 D761N
Primary Sites
Breast
Lung
Colon
Stomach
Rectum
Endometrium
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

FBXW7 is a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in several tumors including colorectal, liver, bladders and ovarian cancers. It is also mutated in endometrial and head and neck squamous cancers. Preclinical data suggest that FBXW7 mutations may sensitize cells to mTOR inhibitors.

Last updated: 2016-06-05 02:49:13 UTC
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Tier 1
KRAS
Variants
KRAS G12A
KRAS G12V
KRAS G12D
KRAS G12C
KRAS G12S
KRAS G12R
KRAS G13C
KRAS G13S
KRAS G13R
KRAS Q61H
KRAS Q61L
KRAS Q61K
KRAS Q61R
KRAS A146T
KRAS A146V
KRAS A146P
KRAS A11V
KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Carcinoma
Interpretation

KRAS is a gene that encodes one of the several proteins in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway that is important in the development and progression of cancer. KRAS can harbor oncogenic mutations that yield a constitutively active protein. Such mutations are found in approximately 30% to 50% of metastatic colorectal tumors and are common in other tumor types. Mutations in the KRAS gene may indicate poor prognosis and poor drug response with therapies targeted to EGFR. The absence of a KRAS mutation predicts a greater likelihood of response to EGFR-targeted therapies and improved survival with such treatment. The relevant KRAS mutation is in one of five codons (12 13, 61, 117 or 146). The presence of KRAS mutations in codon 12, 13 or 61 is associated with a high likelihood of resistance to therapies targeting EGFR. In addition, mutations at codons 117 and 146 may also be associated with reduced response to EGFR-targeted therapies. Results should be interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory and clinical findings. Drug resistance: Panitumumab Cetuximab

Last updated: 2020-01-25 17:53:49 UTC
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Tier 3
MET
Variants
MET T1010I
Primary Sites
Lung
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

The MET p.T1010I variant has been reported in some tumor types and also has been reported as a germline variant present in less than 1% of the general population. Its role in tumor development and progression continues to be studied. The utility of MET pathway inhibitors also continues to be explored.

Last updated: 2015-12-09 20:20:41 UTC
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Tier 3
MLH1
Variants
MLH1 V384D
Primary Sites
Lung
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Carcinoma
Interpretation

The MLH1 V384D polymorphism has been associated with cancer risk in some tumor types. In addition, according to one report, MLH1 V384D polymorphism has been reported to be associated with primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs in patients with EGFR L858R-positive lung adenocarcinoma and may potentially be a novel biomarker to guide treatment decisions for those patients. The effect of this MLH1 polymorphism when present with other EGFR-TKI sensitizing mutations such as Exon 19 deletions in EGFR remains to be clarified. Some studies have shown that patients carrying the MLH1 V384D variant have an increased risk of the development of microsatellite-instable as well as -stable colorectal cancer. This variant has an allele frequency of 4% in the East Asian population. Of note, this variant is reported as a benign germline variant in ClinVar (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/41632/). Clinical correlation is recommended.

Last updated: 2018-05-09 21:13:25 UTC
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Tier 1
NRAS
Variants
NRAS G12A
NRAS G12V
NRAS G12D
NRAS G12C
NRAS G12S
NRAS G12R
NRAS G13D
NRAS G13C
NRAS G13S
NRAS G13R
NRAS G13A
NRAS G13V
NRAS Q61H
NRAS Q61L
NRAS Q61K
NRAS Q61R
NRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 146 any
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

NRAS mutations occur in approximately 1--6% of colorectal cancers. Several studies have shown that patients with NRAS-mutated tumors are less likely to respond to cetuximab or panitumumab, but this may not have an effect on PFS or overall survival.

Last updated: 2019-04-05 15:39:05 UTC
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Tier 2
PIK3CA
Variants
PIK3CA exon(s) 10, 20, 21 any
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

Somatic mutations in PIK3CA have been found in 10-30% of colorectal cancers. According to some reports, co-occurrence of both exon 9 and exon 20 PIK3CA mutations, when present, may be associated with a poor prognosis. Recent 'molecular pathological epidemiology' (MPE) research has shown that aspirin use is associated with better prognosis and clinical outcome in PIK3CA-mutated colorectal carcinoma, suggesting somatic PIK3CA mutation may be a molecular biomarker that predicts response to aspirin therapy. PIK3CA may also be a target of directed therapy in some clinical settings.

Last updated: 2020-07-24 14:52:12 UTC
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Tier 2
PTEN
Variants
PTEN any deletion
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

PTEN mutations occur in 5-14% of colorectal cancers. PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene, and loss of PTEN results in upregulation of the PI3K/ AKT pathway. PTEN loss of expression is observed with KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations. In retrospective studies, PTEN loss is associated with decreased sensitivity of colorectal cancer tumors to anti-EGFR antibodies. PTEN loss is associated with lack of benefit of the anti-EGFR antibody, cetuximab.

Last updated: 2020-07-24 14:52:16 UTC
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Tier 3
SMAD4
Variants
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

Colorectal cancers (CRCs) frequently harbor somatic mutations in the pathway members  SMAD4. The prevalence of SMAD4, SMAD2, and SMAD3 mutations in sporadic CRCs was 8.6% (64 of 744), 3.4% (25 of 744), and 4.3% (32 of 744), respectively. Somatic SMAD4 mutations have been reported to be more common in advanced stages of CRCs and LOH at the SMAD4 locus has been associated with poor prognosis. SMAD4 mutations were associated with mucinous histology.

Last updated: 2015-12-09 21:27:16 UTC
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Tier 2
TP53
Variants
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Appendix
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

Somatic mutations in TP53 are frequent in human cancer. Germline TP53 mutations cause of Li-Fraumeni syndrome, which is associated with a range of early-onset cancers. The types and positions of TP53 mutations are diverse. TP53 mutations may be potential prognostic and predictive markers in some tumor types, as well as targets for pharmacological intervention in some clinical settings. The IARC TP53 Database (http://www-p53.iarc.fr/) is a useful resource which catalogues TP53 mutations found in cancer.

Last updated: 2016-06-07 02:09:01 UTC
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Tier 2
ERBB2
Variants
ERBB2 V842I
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Pancreas
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

The ERBB2 p.V842I mutation has been previously reported in several cancer types and has been reported to be an activating mutation. The potential for these mutations to be used for selection of patients to targeted therapies continues to be evaluated.

Last updated: 2016-02-22 22:23:50 UTC
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Tier 3
IRS2
Variants
IRS2 copy number gain
Primary Sites
Colon
Gall Bladder
Brain
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Cholangiocarcinoma
Glioblastoma
Interpretation

IRS1 and IRS2 are the key protein effectors for transmitting insulin signals from the insulin-like growth factor receptor to the nucleus via the PI3K / AKT / mTOR pathway. IRS2 has been previously noted to be recurrently focally amplified in several anecdotal studies across multiple cancer types (colorectal cancer PMID: 23594372, cholangiocarcinoma PMID:26684807, glioblastoma PMID: 14655756, rhabdomyosarcoma PMID: 23578105), suggesting that this could be a "driver" alteration in a subset of cancer.. IRS2 amplifications have also been associated with sensitivity to the insulin receptor inhibitor BMS-754807 in colorectal cancer cell lines (PMID: 25527633). There is no direct evidence to connect IRS2 amplification status with sensitivity to any targeted therapy regimen in patients; however, an attractive hypothesis is that tumors harboring IRS2 amplifications could be sensitive to drugs targeting insulin signaling, PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. Drug sensitivity and exome sequencing data from colorectal patient derived tumor xenografts have associated IRS2 copy gains with sensitivity to anti-EGFR therapies (PMID: 26416732).

Last updated: 2016-04-05 17:02:32 UTC
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Tier 2
CDKN2A
Variants
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Interpretation

CDKN2A gene functions as an important tumour suppressor in various human malignancies including colorectal cancer, and its activation prevents carcinogenesis via induction of cell growth arrest and senescence. Majority of the CDKN2A mutations span exon 2 and result in loss or decreased binding to CDK4/6 leading to uncontrolled cell growth through inactivation of Rb and p53 pathways. Somatic mutations of CDKN2A are present in various tumor types but have not been well characterized in colorectal cancer. However, epigenetic silencing of CDKN2A by hypermethylation has been reported be a possible predictive factor of poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.

Last updated: 2016-11-04 00:48:03 UTC
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Tier 2
CTNNB1
Variants
CTNNB1 codon(s) 41, 45 any
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

Beta catenin is a transcriptional co-regulator and an adapter protein for cellular adhesion; it comprises part of the Wnt signaling pathway and intracellular levels of beta-catenin are regulated by its phosphorylation, ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. Accumulation of nuclear beta catenin can lead to a tumoral phenotype and oncogenic transformation in a variety of solid tumors. Various oncogenic mutants of beta catenin have been found in different tumor types which alter its degradation, leading to its accumulation and promoting tumor growth. CTNNB1 mutations are particularly common in colorectal carcinomas associated with hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer syndrome and wild type APC gene, and are extremely rare in sporadic colorectal cancers. These mutations consist almost entirely of transitions at codons 41 and 45, and result in stabilization of a protein that resists degradation, leading to nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Up to 50% of primary colorectal carcinomas with CTNNB1 mutations exhibit microsatellite instability, suggesting that CTNNB1 mutations may be more common in the DNA mismatch repair pathway of tumorigenesis. Microsatellite instability is generally associated with better prognosis when compared to patients with intact mismatch repair pathways. Preclinical studies suggest that CTNNB1 mutations may confer resistance to PI3K-AKT inhibitors in colorectal cancer.

Last updated: 2016-05-04 16:10:00 UTC
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Tier 2
EGFR
Variants
EGFR R776H
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a cell surface receptor belonging to the ErbB family tyrosine kinase receptors. EGFR is involved in cell growth control through its role in the two main intracellular pathways, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- (PI3K-) protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. The over-expression or mutation of EGFR may be responsible for the constitutive activation of these pathways. In the colorectal cancer, the EGFR has been found to be frequently over expressed, and may be associated with tumor stage and prognosis. In a subset of such patients, the addition of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies to the conventional chemotherapeutic regimens may expand response rates and increase progression-free survival. Somatic EGFR mutations are infrequent in colorectal cancers. The frequency varies from 0.34 to 3.3% in Western population, and from 12% to 22.4% in Asians. R776H is a recurrent mutation in the hinge region of the kinase domain and is known to activate EGFR in a ligand independent manner. In some cases, the possibility of R776H variant being of germline origin, cannot be excluded. The clinicopathologic correlation of EGFR mutations in colorectal cancers continues to be explored.

Last updated: 2016-05-05 13:40:13 UTC
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Tier 2
KIT
Variants
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

c-kit (CD117) is a growth factor receptor of the tyrosine kinase subclass III family, normally expressed in a variety of human tissues. Gain-of-function mutations of the c-kit gene have been identified that produce ligand-independent activation of c-kit and cell proliferation. Some of these mutations appear causative in the pathogenesis of adult mastocytosis and most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). c-kit receptor and its ligand have been demonstrated in human colon cancer cell lines. Some studies have shown high frequency of c-Kit overexpression in stage II colon cancer patients (59.3%) with significant correlation between c-Kit overexpression and reduced disease free survival. However, other studies failed to demonstrate c-kit expression in a significant number of colorectal cancers suggesting that c-kit kinase activation is not a prominent pathogenetic feature of colorectal cancers. Role of c-Kit continues to be studied in colon cancers.

Last updated: 2016-05-05 13:42:01 UTC
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Tier 2
KRAS
Variants
KRAS V14I
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

KRAS belongs to a family of small GTPases and gain-of-function mutations in the gene yield a constitutively active protein. Such mutations are found in approximately 30% to 50% of metastatic colorectal cancers and are common in other tumor types. The most frequent KRAS mutations occur at codons 12, 13, and 61. Mutations at codons 117 and 146 are less common. Mutations at codon 14 have been detected in adenocarcinomas of the small intestine and colon as well as AML. Germline V14I mutations have been identified in patients with Noonan syndrome. In vitro studies have shown that V14I mutations lead to moderately enhanced MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation suggesting increased downstream signaling, but with slightly less transforming capacity than G12D mutation. Mutations in the KRAS gene may indicate poor prognosis and poor drug response to EGFR-targeted therapies. Results should be interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory and clinical findings.

Last updated: 2016-10-11 21:38:34 UTC
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Tier 2
BRAF
Variants
BRAF G469A
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

BRAF is a member of the RAF-family of kinases which plays an important role in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK mitotic signaling pathway. Approximately 8-15% of colorectal cancer (CRC) harbors BRAF mutations. BRAF G469A mutation in exon 11 is infrequent in CRC and occurs within the kinase domain. The presence of BRAF mutation is significantly associated with right-sided colon cancers and is associated with decreased overall survival. BRAF mutation in a microsatellite unstable colorectal carcinoma indicates that the tumor is probably sporadic and not associated with Lynch syndrome (HNPCC). However, if a BRAF mutation is not detected, the tumor may either be sporadic or Lynch syndrome associated. Detection of BRAF mutations may also be useful in determining patient eligibility for anti-EGFR treatment. Some studies have reported that patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) that harbor BRAF mutations do not respond to anti-EGFR antibody agents (cetuximab or panitumumab) in the chemotherapy-refractory setting. Results should be interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory and clinical findings.

Last updated: 2020-07-24 14:53:21 UTC
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Tier 2
AKT1
Variants
AKT1 E17K
Primary Sites
Breast
Endometrium
Prostate
Lung
Ovary
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Carcinoma
Interpretation

AKT1 mutations have been reported in a variety of tumor types such as endometrial, lung, breast, colorectal, ovarian, and prostate cancers. The mutations are mutually exclusive from PIK3CA mutations. Increased expression and activation of AKT1 observed in many cancers is caused by a variety of different mechanisms including genomic alterations of AKT1, PIK3CA, PTEN, RAS family members, or growth factor receptors. Gain-of-function alterations of AKT1 can lead to neoplastic transformation in model systems, and is a potential target for therapeutic strategies. The E17K variant is by far the most frequent AKT1 mutation reported, implicating it as an important tumor promoting event.

Last updated: 2016-10-11 21:31:48 UTC
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Tier 1
PIK3CA
Variants
PIK3CA E545K
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

Somatic mutations in PIK3CA have been found in 10-30% of colorectal cancers. KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA and non-functional PTEN predict resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer. According to some reports, co-occurrence of both exon 9 and exon 20 PIK3CA mutations, when present, may be associated with a poor prognosis. Recent 'molecular pathological epidemiology' (MPE) research has shown that aspirin use may be associated with better prognosis and clinical outcome in PIK3CA-mutated colorectal carcinoma, suggesting somatic PIK3CA mutation may be a molecular biomarker that predicts response to aspirin therapy. PIK3CA may also be a target of directed therapy in some clinical settings.

Last updated: 2020-07-24 14:53:48 UTC
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Tier 1
FGFR1
Variants
FGFR1 copy number gain
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Gastroesophageal Junction
Esophagus
Peritoneum
Retroperitoneum
Stomach
Appendix
Tumor Types
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Interpretation

FGFR1 activating mutations may be associated with response to the multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib.

Last updated: 2017-01-20 03:32:36 UTC
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Tier 1
FGFR1
Variants
FGFR1 copy number gain
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

FGFR1 amplification may be associated with sensitivity to the multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib in some tumor types.

Last updated: 2017-01-20 03:40:39 UTC
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Tier 1
EGFR
Variants
EGFR copy number gain
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

In colorectal cancer, EGFR gene amplification is associated with sensitivity EGFR-targeted therapies, such as Erbitux and Vectibix.

Last updated: 2017-01-20 03:41:37 UTC
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Tier 2
KRAS
Variants
KRAS L19F
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

KRAS is a gene that encodes one of the several proteins in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway that is important in the development and progression of cancer. KRAS can harbor oncogenic mutations that yield a constitutively active protein. Such mutations are found in approximately 30% to 50% of metastatic colorectal tumors and are common in other tumor types. KRAS L19F has been previously reported in colorectal cancers, but its oncogenic and transforming potential was reported to be significantly lower compared to codons 12 or 13 KRAS mutants. The predictive and prognostic significance of this specific mutation in KRAS needs further elucidation. Results should be interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory and clinical findings.

Last updated: 2017-01-30 21:47:53 UTC
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Tier 2
IDH1
Variants
IDH1 R132C
IDH1 codon(s) 132 any
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

IDH-mutant tumors have aberrant production and accumulation of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which may play a pivotal oncogenic role in several malignancies including AML, central nervous system and biliary tract. Strikingly, IDH1 mutations were rarely detected in the other solid tumor types. IDH1 mutation has been reported in up to 2% of colorectal adenocarcinomas. The clinical significance of this mutation with regards to response to anti-IDH1 therapy in colorectal cancer is unknown. Results should be interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory and clinical findings.

Last updated: 2018-04-18 18:23:31 UTC
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Tier 2
AURKA
Variants
AURKA copy number gain
Primary Sites
Prostate
Breast
Colon
Pancreas
Ovary
Stomach
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

Aurora A is a member of a family of mitotic serine/threonine kinases, playing an important role in cell proliferation. AURKA amplification may be associated with sensitivity to Aurora Kinase inhibitors. However these inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical trials and their efficacy and/or lack of toxicity has not yet been demonstrated.

Last updated: 2017-02-09 16:36:48 UTC
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Tier 1
KRAS
Variants
KRAS G13D
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

KRAS is a gene that encodes one of the several proteins in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway that is important in the development and progression of cancer. KRAS can harbor oncogenic mutations that yield a constitutively active protein. Such mutations are found in approximately 30% to 50% of metastatic colorectal tumors and are common in other tumor types. Mutations in the KRAS gene may indicate poor prognosis and poor drug response with therapies targeted to EGFR. The absence of a KRAS mutation predicts a greater likelihood of response to EGFR-targeted therapies and improved survival with such treatment. The relevant KRAS mutation is in one of five codons (12 13, 61, 117 or 146). The presence of KRAS mutations in codon 12, 13 or 61 is associated with a high likelihood of resistance to therapies targeting EGFR. However, preclinical studies have shown that G13D mutant cell lines have intermediate sensitivity to cetuximab and panitumumab. Results should be interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory and clinical findings.

Last updated: 2017-03-24 18:09:45 UTC
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Tier 2
GNAS
Variants
GNAS codon(s) 201, 844 any
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

GNAS is a component of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex that has been shown to be mutated in 3-7% of colorectal cancers. Mutations at codon R201 of GNAS are typically activating mutations which have been described in various types of solid tumors. These mutations result in disruption of the intrinsic hydrolytic activity of Gsa, leading to constitutive activation. The clinical significance of these mutations in colorectal cancer remains to be established. Correlation with other clinical and laboratory findings is recommended.

Last updated: 2018-03-28 18:20:06 UTC
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Tier 3
MET
Variants
MET E168D
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

MET is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase and proto-oncogene playing a major role in tumor development and metastasis. MET mutations have been reported in ~2% of colon cancers. MET E168D mutation is located in a conserved domain containing the ligand binding site. In vitro studies have shown that E168D may be associated with higher ligand affinity and higher susceptibility to c-Met inhibitors in lung cancer. The prognostic and predictive significance of MET mutations in colon cancer is not clear and correlation with other clinical and laboratory findings is necessary.

Last updated: 2017-04-10 19:03:06 UTC
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Tier 2
ARID1A
Variants
ARID1A any mutation
Primary Sites
Adrenal Gland
Anus
Ampulla (Pancreaticobiliary Duct)
Appendix
Bladder
Blood
Bone
Bone Marrow
Brain
Breast
Spinal Cord
Cervix
Chest Wall
Colon
Endometrium
Esophagus
Eye
Fallopian Tube
Fibroadipose Tissue
Gall Bladder
Kidney
Larynx
Liver
Lung
Lymph Node
Nasal Cavity
Oral Cavity
Ovary
Pancreas
Parathyroid
Penis
Peripheral Nervous System
Peritoneum
Pharynx
Pituitary
Placenta
Pleura
Prostate
Retroperitoneum
Salivary Gland
Seminal Vesicle
Skeletal Muscle
Skin
Small Intestine
Soft Tissue
Spleen
Stomach
Testis
Thymus
Thyroid
Tonsil
Unknown
Ureter
Uterus
Vagina
Rectum
Cartilage
Blood Vessel
Buccal Swab
Heart
Trachea
Salivary Duct
Spermatic Cord
Vulva
Brain, Infratentorial
Brain, Supratentorial
Gastroesophageal Junction
Sellar
Suprasellar
Tumor Types
Acinar Cell Carcinoma
Acinic Cell Carcinoma
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Adenocarcinoma
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Adenosarcoma
Ameloblastic Tumor
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma
Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma
Angiomatosis
Angiomyolipoma
Angiosarcoma
Astrocytoma, Anaplastic
Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Burkitt Lymphoma
Carcinoid Tumor
Carcinoma
Carcinosarcoma
Cholangiocarcinoma
Chondrosarcoma
Chordoma
Choriocarcinoma
Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia
Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Clear Cell Carcinoma
Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Craniopharyngioma
Dermatofibrosarcoma
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Ductal Carcinoma
Ependymoma
Essential Thrombocythemia
Ewing Sarcoma
Fibromatosis
Follicular Carcinoma
Follicular Lymphoma
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Germ Cell Tumor
Giant Cell Tumor
Glioblastoma
Glomus Tumor
Granular Cell Tumor
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Hemangioendothelioma
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasms
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Kaposi Sarcoma
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Leiomyoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Lipoma
Liposarcoma
Lobular Carcinoma
Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma
Malignant Mullerian Mixed Tumor
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Marginal Zone B Cell Lymphoma
Mast Cell Neoplasm
MDS with Ring Sideroblasts
Medullary Carcinoma
Medulloblastoma
Melanoma
Meningioma
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Mesothelioma
Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
Mucinous Tumors of Ovary
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
Myxofibrosarcoma
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Neuroblastoma
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Neuroendocrine Neoplasm
NK Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder
NLPHL
Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Oligodendroglioma
Osteosarcoma
Papillary Carcinoma
Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma
Pheochromocytoma
Plasma Cell Disorder
Polycythemia Vera
Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Primary Myelofibrosis
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Reninoma
Retinoblastoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Sarcoma
Schwannoma
Serous Carcinoma
Sex Cord Stromal Tumor
Small Cell Carcinoma
Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of Pancreas
Spindle Cell Neoplasm
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
T Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder
T Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma
T-Cell LGL Leukemia
Thymic Carcinoma
Thymoma
Urothelial Carcinoma
Tumors of Peripheral Nerves
Unknown
Wilms Tumor
Ependymoma, Anaplastic
Astrocytoma, Pilocytic
Ganglioglioma
Neuroepithelial Neoplasm, NOS
Pleomorphic Carcinoma
Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Neuroepithelial neoplasm, high grade
Leukocytosis
Thrombocytosis
Monocytosis
Cytopenia
Other Acute Leukemia
Astrocytoma, NOS
Acute Leukemia of Unspecified Cell Type
Anemia, Unspecified
Astrocytoma, Diffusely Infiltrating
Diffuse Midline Glioma
Infiltrating Glioma, NOS
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN)
Leukopenia
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphocytosis, Symptomatic
Monoclonal Gammopathy
Mucinous or Serous Cystic Neoplasms of Pancreas
Mycosis Fungoides, Unspecified Site
Oligodendroglioma, Anaplastic
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
Rash and Other Nonspecific Skin Eruption
Thrombocytopenia, Unspecified
Interpretation

This gene is a known cancer gene. ARID1A/BAF250A subunit of the SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex has emerged as recurrently mutated in a broad array of tumor types and a potential tumor suppressor. There is evidence indicating that ARID1A-mutated cancers may be subjected to therapeutic intervention.

Last updated: 2018-03-06 21:16:43 UTC
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Tier 2
EGFR
Variants
EGFR V765M
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a cell surface receptor belonging to the ErbB family tyrosine kinase receptors. EGFR is involved in cell growth control through its role in the two main intracellular pathways, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- (PI3K-) protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. The over-expression or mutation of EGFR may be responsible for the constitutive activation of these pathways. In colorectal cancer, EGFR has been found to be frequently over expressed, and may be associated with tumor stage and prognosis. Somatic EGFR mutations are infrequent in colorectal cancers. The frequency of EGFR mutations in colorectal cancer varies from 0.34 to 3.3% in Western population, and from 12% to 22.4% in Asians. In a subset of patients with EGFR mutations in colorectal cancer, the addition of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies to the conventional chemotherapeutic regimens may expand response rates and increase progression-free survival. EGFR V765M lies within the protein kinase domain of the protein. In lung cancer, the V765M has been reported as a sensitizing mutation to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The correlation of EGFR gene mutations with clinicopathologic characteristics in colorectal cancers continues to be explored.

Last updated: 2018-03-06 17:59:58 UTC
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Tier 2
TP53
Variants
TP53 any mutation
Primary Sites
Adrenal Gland
Anus
Ampulla (Pancreaticobiliary Duct)
Appendix
Bladder
Blood
Bone
Bone Marrow
Brain
Breast
Spinal Cord
Cervix
Chest Wall
Endometrium
Esophagus
Eye
Fallopian Tube
Fibroadipose Tissue
Gall Bladder
Kidney
Larynx
Liver
Lung
Lymph Node
Nasal Cavity
Oral Cavity
Ovary
Pancreas
Parathyroid
Penis
Peripheral Nervous System
Peritoneum
Pharynx
Pituitary
Placenta
Pleura
Prostate
Retroperitoneum
Salivary Gland
Seminal Vesicle
Skeletal Muscle
Skin
Small Intestine
Soft Tissue
Spleen
Stomach
Testis
Thymus
Thyroid
Tonsil
Unknown
Ureter
Uterus
Vagina
Rectum
Cartilage
Blood Vessel
Buccal Swab
Heart
Trachea
Salivary Duct
Spermatic Cord
Vulva
Brain, Infratentorial
Brain, Supratentorial
Gastroesophageal Junction
Sellar
Suprasellar
Colon
Tumor Types
Acinar Cell Carcinoma
Acinic Cell Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Adenosarcoma
Ameloblastic Tumor
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma
Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma
Angiomatosis
Angiomyolipoma
Angiosarcoma
Astrocytoma, Anaplastic
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Burkitt Lymphoma
Carcinoid Tumor
Carcinoma
Carcinosarcoma
Cholangiocarcinoma
Chondrosarcoma
Chordoma
Choriocarcinoma
Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Clear Cell Carcinoma
Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Craniopharyngioma
Dermatofibrosarcoma
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Ductal Carcinoma
Ependymoma
Ewing Sarcoma
Fibromatosis
Follicular Carcinoma
Follicular Lymphoma
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Germ Cell Tumor
Giant Cell Tumor
Glioblastoma
Glomus Tumor
Granular Cell Tumor
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Hemangioendothelioma
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Kaposi Sarcoma
Leiomyoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Lipoma
Liposarcoma
Lobular Carcinoma
Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma
Malignant Mullerian Mixed Tumor
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Marginal Zone B Cell Lymphoma
Medullary Carcinoma
Medulloblastoma
Melanoma
Meningioma
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Mesothelioma
Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
Mucinous Tumors of Ovary
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Myxofibrosarcoma
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Neuroblastoma
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Neuroendocrine Neoplasm
NK Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder
NLPHL
Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Oligodendroglioma
Osteosarcoma
Papillary Carcinoma
Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma
Pheochromocytoma
Plasma Cell Disorder
Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Reninoma
Retinoblastoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Sarcoma
Schwannoma
Serous Carcinoma
Sex Cord Stromal Tumor
Small Cell Carcinoma
Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of Pancreas
Spindle Cell Neoplasm
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
T Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder
T-Cell LGL Leukemia
Thymic Carcinoma
Thymoma
Urothelial Carcinoma
Tumors of Peripheral Nerves
Unknown
Wilms Tumor
Ependymoma, Anaplastic
Astrocytoma, Pilocytic
Ganglioglioma
Neuroepithelial Neoplasm, NOS
Pleomorphic Carcinoma
Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Neuroepithelial neoplasm, high grade
Astrocytoma, NOS
Astrocytoma, Diffusely Infiltrating
Diffuse Midline Glioma
Infiltrating Glioma, NOS
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN)
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphocytosis, Symptomatic
Monoclonal Gammopathy
Mucinous or Serous Cystic Neoplasms of Pancreas
Mycosis Fungoides, Unspecified Site
Oligodendroglioma, Anaplastic
Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
Rash and Other Nonspecific Skin Eruption
Interpretation

Somatic mutations in TP53 are frequent in human cancer. Germline TP53 mutations cause of Li-Fraumeni syndrome, which is associated with a range of early-onset cancers. The types and positions of TP53 mutations are diverse. TP53 mutations may be potential prognostic and predictive markers in some tumor types, as well as targets for pharmacological intervention in some clinical settings. The IARC TP53 Database (http://www-p53.iarc.fr/) is a useful resource which catalogues TP53 mutations found in cancer.

Last updated: 2018-11-12 20:38:55 UTC
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Tier 3
JAK3
Variants
JAK3 V722I
Primary Sites
Lung
Thyroid
Colon
Pancreas
Bladder
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Papillary Carcinoma
Urothelial Carcinoma
Interpretation

JAK3 is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase involved in the interferon-alpha/beta/gamma pathway and is a member of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. The JAK3 V722I variant has been reported as a likely benign germline polymorphism (ClinVar, https://preview.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/134573/) and also as an acquired somatic variant in some tumors. It has been reported to be an activating variant of JAK3 and initial in vitro studies suggest that this variant may play a role in the regulation of PD-L1 expression. Also, V722I resulted in constitutive phosphorylation of Jak3 and was transforming in cell culture. Clinical correlation is recommended.

Last updated: 2019-01-22 19:22:47 UTC
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Tier 3
NOTCH1
Variants
NOTCH1 L2457V
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

NOTCH1 is a transmembrane receptor, which plays a role in cell fate determination, growth, and survival. Somatic activating mutations are common in T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. Somatic alterations in NOTCH1 are very rare in colorectal adenocarcinoma and are identified in less than 1% of cases. NOTCH1 L2457V does not lie within any known functional domains of the NOTCH1 protein. L2457V has been identified in sequencing studies, but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on protein function is unknown. The L2457V variant has been reported as a benign/likely benign germline variant in ClinVar (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/380420/). These results should be interpreted in the clinicopathologic context.

Last updated: 2018-03-15 01:02:47 UTC
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Tier 2
APC
Variants
APC I1307K
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

Somatic APC mutations are common events in colorectal adenocarcinomas, reported in up to 76% of the cases. Loss of normal APC function is known to be an early event in both familial and sporadic colon cancer pathogenesis, occurring at the pre-adenoma stage. APC mutations do not appear to significantly affect the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. While there are a number of small molecule inhibitors in development that target the Wnt pathway, there is currently no matched targeted therapy available for colorectal cancer patients harboring an APC mutation. Germline defects in this gene cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant pre-malignant disease that usually progresses to malignancy. Disease-associated mutations tend to be clustered in a small region designated the mutation cluster region (MCR) and result in a truncated protein product. Codon I1307 lies within a regulatory region of the APC protein mediated by ubiquitination. APC I1307K is associated with increased colorectal cancer risk by making the gene unstable and prone to acquire mutations during normal cell division. The germline APC I1307K gene mutation is most commonly found in people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. Therefore, routine colorectal screening is very important in these individuals. Correlation with other clinical and lab findings is recommended.

Last updated: 2018-03-16 19:52:48 UTC
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Tier 2
FBXW7
Variants
FBXW7 R505C
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

FBXW7 is a tumor suppressor gene responsible for the degradation of several proto-oncogenes. mTOR is one of the substrates of FBXW7-mediated protein degradation, and loss of function of FBXW7 increases the levels of total and activated mTOR. FBXW7 R505C lies within the WD4 repeat region and confers a loss of FBXW7-substrate interaction and impairs substrate degradation by FBXW7, resulting in sustained NICD and MYC expression. Preclinical data have suggested that inactivating mutations of FBXW7 could predict sensitivity to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin; A single study has reported only limited activity in phase I trials using mTOR inhibitors in patients with advanced cancers including colorectal cancer. The clinical utility remains unknown.

Last updated: 2018-03-21 18:16:22 UTC
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Tier 3
FGFR3
Variants
FGFR3 F384L
Primary Sites
Lung
Breast
Colon
Pancreas
Thyroid
Liver
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Papillary Carcinoma
Follicular Carcinoma
Interpretation

FGFR3 is one of 4 high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors for the fibroblast growth factor family of ligands. On ligand stimulation, FGFR3 undergoes dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation, resulting in cell proliferation or differentiation, , through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phospholipase Cg signal transduction pathways. Some FGFR3 mutations are believed to result in ligand-independent activation of the receptor. However, FGFR3 F384L mutation is not associated with activation of FGFR and, in NIH-3T3 cells, it was demonstrated to be devoid of any transforming activity. In some cases, the possibility of FGFR3 variants being of germline origin, cannot be excluded. The FGFR3 F384L mutation has been reported as a benign/likely benign germline variant in ClinVar (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/134404/). Clinical correlation is recommended.

Last updated: 2019-02-22 18:08:17 UTC
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Tier 2
FBXW7
Variants
FBXW7 R393*
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

FBXW7 is a tumor suppressor gene responsible for the degradation of several proto-oncogenes. mTOR is one of the substrates of FBXW7-mediated protein degradation, and loss of function of FBXW7 increases the levels of total and activated mTOR. Due to the disruption of the WD repeat domain, the FBXW7 R393* truncating mutation is predicted to lead to a loss of FBXW7 protein function. Preclinical data have suggested that inactivating mutations of FBXW7 could predict sensitivity to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin; however, the clinical utility remains unknown. A single study has reported only limited activity in phase I trials using mTOR inhibitors in patient with advanced cancers including colorectal cancer.

Last updated: 2018-04-18 14:41:45 UTC
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Tier 1
BRAF
Variants
BRAF codon(s) 600 any
BRAF V600M
Primary Sites
Colon
Lung
Tumor Types
Melanoma
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Interpretation

Vemurafenib Dabrafenib Dabrafenib + Trametinib Vemurafenib + Cobimetinib Vemurafenib + Panitumumab Encorafenib + Binimetinib + Cetuximab Radiation + Trametinib + Fluorouracil

Last updated: 2018-04-18 14:48:35 UTC
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Tier 2
BRAF
Variants
BRAF G469V
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

BRAF is a member of the RAF-family of kinases which plays an important role in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK mitotic signaling pathway. Approximately 8--15% of colorectal cancer (CRC) harbors BRAF mutations. BRAF G469V mutation in exon 11 is infrequent in CRC and occurs within the kinase domain. The presence of BRAF mutation is significantly associated with right-sided colon cancers and is associated with decreased overall survival. BRAF mutation in a microsatellite unstable colorectal carcinoma indicates that the tumor is probably sporadic and not associated with Lynch syndrome (HNPCC). However, if a BRAF mutation is not detected, the tumor may either be sporadic or Lynch syndrome associated. Detection of BRAF mutations may also be useful in determining patient eligibility for anti-EGFR treatment. Some studies have reported that patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) that harbor BRAF mutations do not respond to anti-EGFR antibody agents (cetuximab or panitumumab) in the chemotherapy-refractory setting. Results should be interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory and clinical findings.

Last updated: 2018-04-18 18:24:08 UTC
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Tier 3
KDR
Variants
KDR P263T
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

KDR encodes the protein VEGF2, a receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates angiogenesis and vascular development. While KDR mutations are rare, amplification or protein overexpression have been reported in small proportion of a variety of solid tumors. KDR P263T has not been characterized and the effect on protein function is unknown. These results should be interpreted in the clinical context.

Last updated: 2018-05-02 20:01:37 UTC
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Tier 2
SMAD4
Variants
SMAD4 R361C
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

Colorectal cancers (CRCs) frequently harbor somatic mutations in the pathway members SMAD4. The prevalence of SMAD4, SMAD2, and SMAD3 mutations in sporadic CRCs was 8.6% (64 of 744), 3.4% (25 of 744), and 4.3% (32 of 744), respectively. SMAD4 R361C lies at a hotspot residue within MH2 domain and has displayed reduced SMAD4 transactivating activity in cell assays. Somatic SMAD4 mutations have been reported to be more common in advanced stages of CRCs. Studies of loss of function somatic mutations and studies of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the SMAD4 locus have shown an association with poor prognosis. SMAD4 mutations were also associated with mucinous histology. There are ongoing clinical trials for colorectal tumors harboring SMAD4 alterations.

Last updated: 2018-05-02 20:04:30 UTC
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Tier 2
BRAF
Variants
BRAF G466V
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

BRAF is part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. BRAF G466V is a missense mutation which impairs BRAF kinase activity but paradoxically activates MEK and ERK through transactivation of c-RAF. This variant is associated with decreased cell proliferation and cell viability as compared to wild-type BRAF. This variant is a rare BRAF mutation and accounts for < 1% of BRAF mutations in colorectal adenocarcinoma. A single preclinical study of BRAF G466V in colon cancer demonstrated sensitivity to anti-EGFR tyrosine kinase therapy (cetuximab) and a MEK inhibitor (trametinib), however, there was no benefit seen with the RAF inhibitor vermurafinib. The clinicopathologic significance of BRAF G466V remains to be fully elucidated.

Last updated: 2018-05-16 16:44:53 UTC
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Tier 3
SMARCB1
Variants
SMARCB1 R374Q
Primary Sites
Rectum
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

SMARCB1 is a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and regulates transcription of several genes involved in cell proliferation. SMARCB1 R374Q does not lie within any known functional domains of the SMARCB1 protein. R374Q has been identified in sequencing studies, but has not been biochemically characterized and therefore, its effect on protein function is unknown. SMARCB1 mutations are rare in colorectal adenocarcinomas and are reported in only about 1% of cases. The clinicopathologic significance of SMARCB1 variants in colorectal cancer remains to be further elucidated.

Last updated: 2018-05-24 20:11:27 UTC
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Tier 1
POLE
Variants
POLE P286R
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Endometrium
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

This gene encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon. The enzyme is involved in DNA repair and chromosomal DNA replication. Mutations in this gene have been associated with colorectal and endometrial cancer. P285R is the most common recurrent mutation of POLE in those types of cancers. Somatic POLE mutation is associated with approximately 3% of sporadic microsatellite-stable (MSS) but hypermutated CRCs.

Last updated: 2018-06-04 13:47:30 UTC
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Tier 2
PTEN
Variants
PTEN R15I
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

PTEN is an obligate haplo-insufficient tumor suppressor gene and is commonly mutated in a large number of cancers. It negatively regulates intracellular levels of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) in cells and functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Approximately 20-30% of colorectal carcinomas involve biallelic inactivation of PTEN through a combination of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. The R15I missense mutation falls within the PIP2 binding motif in the phosphatase domain of PTEN, which involves residues 6-15. PTEN R15I has been show to result in loss of phosphatase activity in vitro. Clinical trials using PI3K-beta inhibitor are available for patients with PTEN-deficient tumors.

Last updated: 2019-01-22 18:32:23 UTC
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Tier 2
KDR
Variants
KDR K270N
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

KDR encodes the protein VEGF2, a receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates angiogenesis and vascular development. While KDR mutations are rare, amplification or protein overexpression have been reported in small proportion of a variety of solid tumors. It is unclear if KDR mutation plays a role in colorectal carcinoma pathogenesis; however, it may have a role in clinical outcome prediction and therapeutic response. For example, increased expression of VEGFA, FLT1, and KDR in colorectal carcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis and lack of response to bevacizumab therapy. Although the functional consequence of KDR K270N has not been characterized, it has been reported previously as a somatic variant in in colorectal carcinomas. These results should be interpreted in the clinical context. Most therapies blocking KDR signaling target the angiogenesis pathway in general, such as bevacizumab, an antibody that targets VEGF-A.

Last updated: 2019-01-22 18:32:41 UTC
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Tier 2
KIT
Variants
KIT K807N
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

KIT (CD117) is a growth factor receptor of the tyrosine kinase subclass III family, normally expressed in a variety of human tissues. Gain-of-function mutations of the KIT gene have been identified that produce ligand-independent activation of KIT and cell proliferation. KIT receptor and its ligand have been demonstrated in human colon cancer cell lines. Some studies have shown high frequency of KIT overexpression in stage II colon cancer patients (59.3%) with significant correlation between KIT overexpression and reduced disease free survival. However, other studies failed to demonstrate KIT expression in a significant number of colorectal cancers suggesting that KIT kinase activation is not a prominent pathogenetic feature of colorectal cancers. Role of KIT continues to be studied in colon cancers. KIT K807N missense mutation is known to be oncogenic. Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors against KIT are available, mainly for gastrointestinal stromal tumors and melanoma. The role of these targeted therapies in colorectal carcinomas need to be further elucidated.

Last updated: 2019-01-22 18:33:05 UTC
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Tier 2
PIK3CA
Variants
PIK3CA R88Q
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

Somatic mutations in PIK3CA have been found in 10--30% of colorectal cancers. KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA and non-functional PTEN predict resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer. Recent 'molecular pathological epidemiology' (MPE) research has shown that aspirin use may be associated with better prognosis and clinical outcome in PIK3CA-mutated colorectal carcinoma, suggesting somatic PIK3CA mutation may be a molecular biomarker that predicts response to aspirin therapy. The R88Q mutation falls within the ABD domain of the p110a catalytic subunit and has been shown to result in gain-of-function in vitro. PIK3CA may be a target of directed therapy in some clinical settings.

Last updated: 2019-01-22 18:33:24 UTC
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Tier 2
FBXW7
Variants
FBXW7 R465H
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

FBXW7 is a tumor suppressor gene responsible for the degradation of several proto-oncogenes and is inactivated by mutation in various cancers, most frequently in endometrial and colorectal cancers. Substrates of FBXW7 include the proteins c-MYC, mTOR, NOTCH1, cyclin-E, and JUN, which are instrumental in the regulation of cell division, differentiation and growth, and which are often inappropriately activated in cancer. Inactivation of FBXW7 by mutation or copy number loss results in aberrant accumulation of the above oncoproteins, which subsequently contributes to malignant transformation. mTOR is one of the substrates of FBXW7-mediated protein degradation, and loss of function of FBXW7 increases the levels of total and activated mTOR. Most mutations in FBXW7 are point mutations that disrupt substrate binding, while <10% are small deletions or insertions. FBXW7 is altered in 17% of colorectal adenocarcinomas. The FBXW7 R465H variant is considered to be likely oncogenic. Preclinical data have suggested that inactivating mutations of FBXW7 could predict sensitivity to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. A single study has reported only limited activity in phase I trials using mTOR inhibitors in patients with advanced cancers including colorectal cancer. The clinical utility remains unknown.

Last updated: 2019-01-22 18:39:36 UTC
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Tier 2
KIT
Variants
KIT D52N
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

The proto-oncogene KIT encodes a type 3 transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase. c-kit (CD117) is a growth factor receptor of the tyrosine kinase subclass III family, normally expressed in a variety of human tissues. Gain-of-function mutations of the c-kit gene have been identified that produce ligand-independent activation of c-kit and cell proliferation. Some of these mutations appear causative in the pathogenesis of adult mastocytosis and most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Activating KIT mutations occur in 80 - 90% of GISTs and several small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting KIT that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration with the efficacy of each TKI strongly depending on the location of the activating KIT mutation. c-kit receptor and its ligand have been demonstrated in human colon cancer cell lines. Some studies have shown high frequency of c-Kit overexpression in stage II colon cancer patients (59.3%) with significant correlation between c-Kit overexpression and reduced disease free survival. However, other studies failed to demonstrate c-kit expression in a significant number of colorectal cancers suggesting that c-kit kinase activation is not a prominent pathogenetic feature of colorectal cancers. The role of c-Kit continues to be studied in colon cancers. The KIT D52N mutation likely represent an oncogenic gain of function mutation.

Last updated: 2019-01-22 18:40:30 UTC
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Tier 3
KIT
Variants
KIT G565V
Primary Sites
Kidney
Lung
Colon
Thyroid
Tumor Types
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Papillary Carcinoma
Interpretation

KIT, also known as proto-oncogene c-Kit or tyrosine-protein kinase Kit or CD117, is a growth factor receptor of the tyrosine kinase subclass III family, normally expressed in a variety of tissue types. Signaling through CD117 plays a role in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Altered forms of this receptor may be associated with many types of cancers including hematopoietic malignancies, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and various carcinomas and sarcomas. KIT G565V lies within the cytoplasmic domain of the Kit protein; this variant has been documented in the scientific literature (in melanoma). While its effect on Kit protein function is unknown, it is reported in ClinVar as likely benign germline variant (https://preview.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/41600/).

Last updated: 2019-01-22 19:23:31 UTC
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Tier 2
SMAD4
Variants
SMAD4 P356L
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

Colorectal cancers (CRCs) frequently harbor somatic mutations in the pathway members SMAD4. The prevalence of SMAD4, SMAD2, and SMAD3 mutations in sporadic CRCs was 8.6% (64 of 744), 3.4% (25 of 744), and 4.3% (32 of 744), respectively. Somatic SMAD4 mutations have been reported to be more common in advanced stages of CRCs and LOH at the SMAD4 locus has been associated with poor prognosis. SMAD4 mutations were associated with mucinous histology. SMAD4 P356L has been identified in tumors. Although it has not been biochemically characterized, it is a statistically significant hotspot and is predicted to be oncogenic.

Last updated: 2019-05-23 22:41:30 UTC
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Tier 2
CDKN2A
Variants
CDKN2A R128W
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

CDKN2A gene functions as an important tumor suppressor in various human malignancies including colorectal cancer, and its activation prevents carcinogenesis via induction of cell growth arrest and senescence. Majority of the CDKN2A mutations span exon 2 and result in loss or decreased binding to CDK4/6 leading to uncontrolled cell growth through inactivation of Rb and p53 pathways. Somatic mutations of CDKN2A are present in various tumor types but have not been well characterized in colorectal cancer. However, epigenetic silencing of CDKN2A by hypermethylation has been reported to be a possible predictive factor of poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. CDKN2A R128W is predicted to confer a loss of function to the CDKN2A protein, as demonstrated by a loss of Sp1 binding. CDKN2A R128Q has been shown to be associated with dysplasia in the setting of Barrett's esophagus. However, its prognostic and therapeutic significance in colorectal carcinomas remains to be fully elucidated.

Last updated: 2019-02-22 18:07:06 UTC
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Tier 2
PTPN11
Variants
PTPN11 E76K
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

The PTPN11gene encodes SHP-2, a widely expressed cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase. SHP-2 is essential for activation of the RAS/MAPK signaling cascade. Most mutations are gain-of-function and result in prolonged ligand-dependent activation of the RAS/MAPK cascade. Germ-line PTPN11 mutations cause Noonan syndrome, a developmental disorder characterized by an increased risk of malignancies. Activating somatic mutations in PTPN11 have been documented in certain hematologic malignancies but they are infrequent in solid tumors. Approximately 2% of colonic adenocarcinomas harbor somatic mutations in the PTPN11 gene. The E76K variant of PTPN11 has been found to be oncogenic in gliomas, but their prognostic and therapeutic significance in colonic adenocarcinomas remains to be fully elucidated (https://oncokb.org/#/gene/PTPN11/alteration/E76K).

Last updated: 2019-02-22 18:07:23 UTC
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Tier 2
VHL
Variants
VHL C162Y
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

The Von Hippel-Lindau (vHL) gene may be altered as a somatic (acquired) alteration and/or as a germline alteration associated with a rare autosomal dominant inherited cancer syndrome predisposing to a variety of malignant and benign tumors including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the ubiquitination and degradation of hypoxia-inducible-factor (HIF), which is a transcription factor that plays a central role in the regulation of gene expression by oxygen. The VHL C162Y mutation has not been functionally or clinically validated. However, VHL C162F is known to be oncogenic, and therefore VHL C162Y is considered likely oncogenic. According to ClinVar, VHLC162F is also reported as a pathogenic germline variant (https://preview.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223225/). These results should be interpreted in the clinicopathologic context and appropriate germline genetic workup may be considered if clinically indicated.

Last updated: 2019-03-11 16:31:43 UTC
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Tier 2
SMARCB1
Variants
SMARCB1 R377H
Primary Sites
Colon
Rectum
Tumor Types
Adenocarcinoma
Interpretation

SMARCB1 is a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and regulates transcription of several genes involved in cell proliferation. SMARCB1 mutations are rare in colorectal adenocarcinomas and are reported in only about 1% of cases. Although not biochemically assessed, SMARCB1 R377H has been identified as a statistically significant hotspot and is predicted to be oncogenic. The clinicopathologic significance of SMARCB1 variants in colorectal cancer remains to be further elucidated.

Last updated: 2019-07-15 15:36:57 UTC
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Tier 3
MET
Variants
MET T1010I
Primary Sites
Colon
Tumor Types
Fibromatosis
Interpretation

MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has been shown to frequently be altered (mutation or amplification) in various cancers, leading to overexpression. The p.T1010I mutation, in the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane domain of MET has been shown to increase growth factor independent proliferation and motility in vitro in tumor cell lines in some studies. However, the functional effect of T1010I is conflicting, as it has been reported both to have phosphorylation level and transforming capacity similar to wild-type Met protein (PMID: 20670955) This variant has also been reported as a germline variant present in less than 1% of the general population. Its role in tumor development and progression continues to be studied. Due to conflicting reports of pathogenicity, this variant best characterized as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/41624/).

Last updated: 2019-08-29 17:55:27 UTC
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Generic Interpretations

TierInterpretationGeneVariants
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ABI1
ABI1 copy number gain
ABI1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ABL1
ABL1 copy number gain
ABL1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ABL2
ABL2 copy number gain
ABL2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ACKR3
ACKR3 copy number gain
ACKR3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ACSL3
ACSL3 copy number gain
ACSL3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ACSL6
ACSL6 copy number gain
ACSL6 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ACVR1
ACVR1 copy number gain
ACVR1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AFF1
AFF1 copy number gain
AFF1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AFF3
AFF3 copy number gain
AFF3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AFF4
AFF4 copy number gain
AFF4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AKAP9
AKAP9 copy number gain
AKAP9 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AKT1
AKT1 copy number gain
AKT1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AKT2
AKT2 copy number gain
AKT2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ALDH2
ALDH2 copy number gain
ALDH2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ALK
ALK copy number gain
ALK copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AMER1
AMER1 copy number gain
AMER1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.APC
APC copy number gain
APC copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AR
AR copy number gain
AR copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ARHGAP26
ARHGAP26 copy number gain
ARHGAP26 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ARHGEF12
ARHGEF12 copy number gain
ARHGEF12 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ARID1A
ARID1A copy number gain
ARID1A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ARID1B
ARID1B copy number gain
ARID1B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ARID2
ARID2 copy number gain
ARID2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ARNT
ARNT copy number gain
ARNT copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ASPSCR1
ASPSCR1 copy number gain
ASPSCR1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ASXL1
ASXL1 copy number gain
ASXL1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ATF1
ATF1 copy number gain
ATF1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ATIC
ATIC copy number gain
ATIC copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ATM
ATM copy number gain
ATM copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ATP1A1
ATP1A1 copy number gain
ATP1A1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ATP2B3
ATP2B3 copy number gain
ATP2B3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ATR
ATR copy number gain
ATR copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ATRX
ATRX copy number gain
ATRX copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AXIN1
AXIN1 copy number gain
AXIN1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AXIN2
AXIN2 copy number gain
AXIN2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BAP1
BAP1 copy number gain
BAP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL10
BCL10 copy number gain
BCL10 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL11A
BCL11A copy number gain
BCL11A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL11B
BCL11B copy number gain
BCL11B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL2
BCL2 copy number gain
BCL2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL3
BCL3 copy number gain
BCL3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL6
BCL6 copy number gain
BCL6 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL7A
BCL7A copy number gain
BCL7A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL9
BCL9 copy number gain
BCL9 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCOR
BCOR copy number gain
BCOR copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCR
BCR copy number gain
BCR copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BIRC3
BIRC3 copy number gain
BIRC3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BLM
BLM copy number gain
BLM copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BMPR1A
BMPR1A copy number gain
BMPR1A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BRAF
BRAF copy number gain
BRAF copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BRCA1
BRCA1 copy number gain
BRCA1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BRCA2
BRCA2 copy number gain
BRCA2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BRD3
BRD3 copy number gain
BRD3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BRD4
BRD4 copy number gain
BRD4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BRIP1
BRIP1 copy number gain
BRIP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BTG1
BTG1 copy number gain
BTG1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BUB1B
BUB1B copy number gain
BUB1B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.C15ORF65
C15ORF65 copy number gain
C15ORF65 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.C2ORF44
C2ORF44 copy number gain
C2ORF44 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CACNA1D
CACNA1D copy number gain
CACNA1D copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CALR
CALR copy number gain
CALR copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CAMTA1
CAMTA1 copy number gain
CAMTA1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CANT1
CANT1 copy number gain
CANT1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CARD11
CARD11 copy number gain
CARD11 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CARS
CARS copy number gain
CARS copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CASC5
CASC5 copy number gain
CASC5 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CASP8
CASP8 copy number gain
CASP8 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CBFA2T3
CBFA2T3 copy number gain
CBFA2T3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CBFB
CBFB copy number gain
CBFB copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CBL
CBL copy number gain
CBL copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CBLB
CBLB copy number gain
CBLB copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CBLC
CBLC copy number gain
CBLC copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CCDC6
CCDC6 copy number gain
CCDC6 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CCNB1IP1
CCNB1IP1 copy number gain
CCNB1IP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CCND1
CCND1 copy number gain
CCND1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CCND2
CCND2 copy number gain
CCND2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CCND3
CCND3 copy number gain
CCND3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CCNE1
CCNE1 copy number gain
CCNE1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CD274
CD274 copy number gain
CD274 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CD74
CD74 copy number gain
CD74 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CD79A
CD79A copy number gain
CD79A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CD79B
CD79B copy number gain
CD79B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDC73
CDC73 copy number gain
CDC73 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDH1
CDH1 copy number gain
CDH1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDH11
CDH11 copy number gain
CDH11 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDK12
CDK12 copy number gain
CDK12 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDK4
CDK4 copy number gain
CDK4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDK6
CDK6 copy number gain
CDK6 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDKN1B
CDKN1B copy number gain
CDKN1B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDKN2A
CDKN2A copy number gain
CDKN2A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDKN2B
CDKN2B copy number gain
CDKN2B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDKN2C
CDKN2C copy number gain
CDKN2C copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDX2
CDX2 copy number gain
CDX2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CEBPA
CEBPA copy number gain
CEBPA copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CEP89
CEP89 copy number gain
CEP89 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CHCHD7
CHCHD7 copy number gain
CHCHD7 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CHEK2
CHEK2 copy number gain
CHEK2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CHIC2
CHIC2 copy number gain
CHIC2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CHN1
CHN1 copy number gain
CHN1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CIC
CIC copy number gain
CIC copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CIITA
CIITA copy number gain
CIITA copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CLIP1
CLIP1 copy number gain
CLIP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CLP1
CLP1 copy number gain
CLP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CLTC
CLTC copy number gain
CLTC copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CLTCL1
CLTCL1 copy number gain
CLTCL1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CNBP
CNBP copy number gain
CNBP copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CNOT3
CNOT3 copy number gain
CNOT3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CNTRL
CNTRL copy number gain
CNTRL copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.COL1A1
COL1A1 copy number gain
COL1A1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.COL2A1
COL2A1 copy number gain
COL2A1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.COX6C
COX6C copy number gain
COX6C copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CREB1
CREB1 copy number gain
CREB1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CREB3L1
CREB3L1 copy number gain
CREB3L1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CREB3L2
CREB3L2 copy number gain
CREB3L2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CREBBP
CREBBP copy number gain
CREBBP copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CRLF2
CRLF2 copy number gain
CRLF2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CRTC1
CRTC1 copy number gain
CRTC1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CRTC3
CRTC3 copy number gain
CRTC3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CSF1R
CSF1R copy number gain
CSF1R copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CSF3R
CSF3R copy number gain
CSF3R copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CTNNB1
CTNNB1 copy number gain
CTNNB1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CUX1
CUX1 copy number gain
CUX1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CYLD
CYLD copy number gain
CYLD copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DAXX
DAXX copy number gain
DAXX copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DCTN1
DCTN1 copy number gain
DCTN1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DDB2
DDB2 copy number gain
DDB2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DDIT3
DDIT3 copy number gain
DDIT3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DDX10
DDX10 copy number gain
DDX10 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DDX5
DDX5 copy number gain
DDX5 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DDX6
DDX6 copy number gain
DDX6 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DEK
DEK copy number gain
DEK copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DICER1
DICER1 copy number gain
DICER1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DNM2
DNM2 copy number gain
DNM2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DNMT3A
DNMT3A copy number gain
DNMT3A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DUX4
DUX4 copy number gain
DUX4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EBF1
EBF1 copy number gain
EBF1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ECT2L
ECT2L copy number gain
ECT2L copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EGFR
EGFR copy number gain
EGFR copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EIF3E
EIF3E copy number gain
EIF3E copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EIF4A2
EIF4A2 copy number gain
EIF4A2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ELF4
ELF4 copy number gain
ELF4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ELK4
ELK4 copy number gain
ELK4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ELL
ELL copy number gain
ELL copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ELN
ELN copy number gain
ELN copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EML4
EML4 copy number gain
EML4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EPHA3
EPHA3 copy number gain
EPHA3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EP300
EP300 copy number gain
EP300 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EPS15
EPS15 copy number gain
EPS15 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERBB2
ERBB2 copy number gain
ERBB2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERBB3
ERBB3 copy number gain
ERBB3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERC1
ERC1 copy number gain
ERC1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERCC2
ERCC2 copy number gain
ERCC2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERCC3
ERCC3 copy number gain
ERCC3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERCC4
ERCC4 copy number gain
ERCC4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERCC5
ERCC5 copy number gain
ERCC5 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERG
ERG copy number gain
ERG copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ESR1
ESR1 copy number gain
ESR1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ETNK1
ETNK1 copy number gain
ETNK1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ETV1
ETV1 copy number gain
ETV1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ETV4
ETV4 copy number gain
ETV4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ETV5
ETV5 copy number gain
ETV5 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ETV6
ETV6 copy number gain
ETV6 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EWSR1
EWSR1 copy number gain
EWSR1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EXT1
EXT1 copy number gain
EXT1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EXT2
EXT2 copy number gain
EXT2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EZH2
EZH2 copy number gain
EZH2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EZR
EZR copy number gain
EZR copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FAM131B
FAM131B copy number gain
FAM131B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FAM46C
FAM46C copy number gain
FAM46C copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FANCA
FANCA copy number gain
FANCA copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FANCC
FANCC copy number gain
FANCC copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FANCD2
FANCD2 copy number gain
FANCD2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FANCE
FANCE copy number gain
FANCE copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FANCF
FANCF copy number gain
FANCF copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FANCG
FANCG copy number gain
FANCG copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FAS
FAS copy number gain
FAS copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FBXO11
FBXO11 copy number gain
FBXO11 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FBXW7
FBXW7 copy number gain
FBXW7 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FCGR2B
FCGR2B copy number gain
FCGR2B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FCRL4
FCRL4 copy number gain
FCRL4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FEV
FEV copy number gain
FEV copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FGFR1
FGFR1 copy number gain
FGFR1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FGFR1OP
FGFR1OP copy number gain
FGFR1OP copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FGFR2
FGFR2 copy number gain
FGFR2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FGFR3
FGFR3 copy number gain
FGFR3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FGFR4
FGFR4 copy number gain
FGFR4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FH
FH copy number gain
FH copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FHIT
FHIT copy number gain
FHIT copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FIP1L1
FIP1L1 copy number gain
FIP1L1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FLCN
FLCN copy number gain
FLCN copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FLI1
FLI1 copy number gain
FLI1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FLT3
FLT3 copy number gain
FLT3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FLT4
FLT4 copy number gain
FLT4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FNBP1
FNBP1 copy number gain
FNBP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FOXA1
FOXA1 copy number gain
FOXA1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FOXL2
FOXL2 copy number gain
FOXL2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FOXO1
FOXO1 copy number gain
FOXO1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FOXO3
FOXO3 copy number gain
FOXO3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FOXO4
FOXO4 copy number gain
FOXO4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FOXO4
FOXO4 copy number gain
FOXO4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FOXP1
FOXP1 copy number gain
FOXP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FSTL3
FSTL3 copy number gain
FSTL3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FUBP1
FUBP1 copy number gain
FUBP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FUS
FUS copy number gain
FUS copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GAS7
GAS7 copy number gain
GAS7 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GATA1
GATA1 copy number gain
GATA1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GATA2
GATA2 copy number gain
GATA2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GATA3
GATA3 copy number gain
GATA3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GMPS
GMPS copy number gain
GMPS copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GNA11
GNA11 copy number gain
GNA11 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GNAQ
GNAQ copy number gain
GNAQ copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GNAS
GNAS copy number gain
GNAS copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GOLGA5
GOLGA5 copy number gain
GOLGA5 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GOPC
GOPC copy number gain
GOPC copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GPC3
GPC3 copy number gain
GPC3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GPHN
GPHN copy number gain
GPHN copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GRIN2A
GRIN2A copy number gain
GRIN2A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.H3F3A
H3F3A copy number gain
H3F3A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.H3F3B
H3F3B copy number gain
H3F3B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HERPUD1
HERPUD1 copy number gain
HERPUD1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HEY1
HEY1 copy number gain
HEY1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HIP1
HIP1 copy number gain
HIP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HIST1H3B
HIST1H3B copy number gain
HIST1H3B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HIST1H4I
HIST1H4I copy number gain
HIST1H4I copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HLA-A
HLA-A copy number gain
HLA-A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HLF
HLF copy number gain
HLF copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HMGA1
HMGA1 copy number gain
HMGA1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HMGA2
HMGA2 copy number gain
HMGA2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HNF1A
HNF1A copy number gain
HNF1A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HNRNPA2B1
HNRNPA2B1 copy number gain
HNRNPA2B1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOOK3
HOOK3 copy number gain
HOOK3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOXA11
HOXA11 copy number gain
HOXA11 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOXA13
HOXA13 copy number gain
HOXA13 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOXA9
HOXA9 copy number gain
HOXA9 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOXC11
HOXC11 copy number gain
HOXC11 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOXC13
HOXC13 copy number gain
HOXC13 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOXD11
HOXD11 copy number gain
HOXD11 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOXD13
HOXD13 copy number gain
HOXD13 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HRAS
HRAS copy number gain
HRAS copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HSP90AA1
HSP90AA1 copy number gain
HSP90AA1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HSP90AB1
HSP90AB1 copy number gain
HSP90AB1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IDH1
IDH1 copy number gain
IDH1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IDH2
IDH2 copy number gain
IDH2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IKBKB
IKBKB copy number gain
IKBKB copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IKZF1
IKZF1 copy number gain
IKZF1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IL2
IL2 copy number gain
IL2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IL21R
IL21R copy number gain
IL21R copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IL6ST
IL6ST copy number gain
IL6ST copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IL7R
IL7R copy number gain
IL7R copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IRF4
IRF4 copy number gain
IRF4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ITK
ITK copy number gain
ITK copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.JAK1
JAK1 copy number gain
JAK1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.JAK2
JAK2 copy number gain
JAK2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.JAK3
JAK3 copy number gain
JAK3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.JAZF1
JAZF1 copy number gain
JAZF1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.JUN
JUN copy number gain
JUN copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KAT6A
KAT6A copy number gain
KAT6A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KAT6B
KAT6B copy number gain
KAT6B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KCNJ5
KCNJ5 copy number gain
KCNJ5 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KDM5A
KDM5A copy number gain
KDM5A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KDM5C
KDM5C copy number gain
KDM5C copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KDM6A
KDM6A copy number gain
KDM6A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KDR
KDR copy number gain
KDR copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KDSR
KDSR copy number gain
KDSR copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KIAA1549
KIAA1549 copy number gain
KIAA1549 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KIAA1598
KIAA1598 copy number gain
KIAA1598 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KIF5B
KIF5B copy number gain
KIF5B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KIT
KIT copy number gain
KIT copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KLF4
KLF4 copy number gain
KLF4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KLF6
KLF6 copy number gain
KLF6 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KLK2
KLK2 copy number gain
KLK2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KMT2A
KMT2A copy number gain
KMT2A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KMT2C
KMT2C copy number gain
KMT2C copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KMT2D
KMT2D copy number gain
KMT2D copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KRAS
KRAS copy number gain
KRAS copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KTN1
KTN1 copy number gain
KTN1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LASP1
LASP1 copy number gain
LASP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LCK
LCK copy number gain
LCK copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LCP1
LCP1 copy number gain
LCP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LHFP
LHFP copy number gain
LHFP copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LIFR
LIFR copy number gain
LIFR copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LMNA
LMNA copy number gain
LMNA copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LMO1
LMO1 copy number gain
LMO1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LMO2
LMO2 copy number gain
LMO2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LPP
LPP copy number gain
LPP copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LRIG3
LRIG3 copy number gain
LRIG3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LSM14A
LSM14A copy number gain
LSM14A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LYL1
LYL1 copy number gain
LYL1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LZTR1
LZTR1 copy number gain
LZTR1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAF
MAF copy number gain
MAF copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAFB
MAFB copy number gain
MAFB copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MALT1
MALT1 copy number gain
MALT1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAML2
MAML2 copy number gain
MAML2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAP2K1
MAP2K1 copy number gain
MAP2K1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAP2K2
MAP2K2 copy number gain
MAP2K2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAP2K4
MAP2K4 copy number gain
MAP2K4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAP3K1
MAP3K1 copy number gain
MAP3K1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAP3K13
MAP3K13 copy number gain
MAP3K13 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAX
MAX copy number gain
MAX copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MDM2
MDM2 copy number gain
MDM2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MDM4
MDM4 copy number gain
MDM4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MDS2
MDS2 copy number gain
MDS2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MECOM
MECOM copy number gain
MECOM copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MED12
MED12 copy number gain
MED12 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MEN1
MEN1 copy number gain
MEN1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MET
MET copy number gain
MET copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MITF
MITF copy number gain
MITF copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MKL1
MKL1 copy number gain
MKL1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLF1
MLF1 copy number gain
MLF1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLH1
MLH1 copy number gain
MLH1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLLT1
MLLT1 copy number gain
MLLT1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLLT10
MLLT10 copy number gain
MLLT10 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLLT11
MLLT11 copy number gain
MLLT11 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLLT3
MLLT3 copy number gain
MLLT3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLLT4
MLLT4 copy number gain
MLLT4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLLT6
MLLT6 copy number gain
MLLT6 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MN1
MN1 copy number gain
MN1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MNX1
MNX1 copy number gain
MNX1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MPL
MPL copy number gain
MPL copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MSH2
MSH2 copy number gain
MSH2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MSH6
MSH6 copy number gain
MSH6 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MSI2
MSI2 copy number gain
MSI2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MSN
MSN copy number gain
MSN copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MTCP1
MTCP1 copy number gain
MTCP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MUC1
MUC1 copy number gain
MUC1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MUTYH
MUTYH copy number gain
MUTYH copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYB
MYB copy number gain
MYB copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYC
MYC copy number gain
MYC copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYCL
MYCL copy number gain
MYCL copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYCN
MYCN copy number gain
MYCN copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYD88
MYD88 copy number gain
MYD88 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYH11
MYH11 copy number gain
MYH11 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYH9
MYH9 copy number gain
MYH9 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYO5A
MYO5A copy number gain
MYO5A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYOD1
MYOD1 copy number gain
MYOD1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NAB2
NAB2 copy number gain
NAB2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NACA
NACA copy number gain
NACA copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NBN
NBN copy number gain
NBN copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NCKIPSD
NCKIPSD copy number gain
NCKIPSD copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NCOA1
NCOA1 copy number gain
NCOA1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NCOA2
NCOA2 copy number gain
NCOA2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NCOA4
NCOA4 copy number gain
NCOA4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NCOR1
NCOR1 copy number gain
NCOR1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NDRG1
NDRG1 copy number gain
NDRG1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NF1
NF1 copy number gain
NF1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NF2
NF2 copy number gain
NF2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NFATC2
NFATC2 copy number gain
NFATC2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NFE2L2
NFE2L2 copy number gain
NFE2L2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NFIB
NFIB copy number gain
NFIB copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NFKB2
NFKB2 copy number gain
NFKB2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NFKBIE
NFKBIE copy number gain
NFKBIE copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NIN
NIN copy number gain
NIN copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NKX2-1
NKX2-1 copy number gain
NKX2-1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NONO
NONO copy number gain
NONO copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NOTCH1
NOTCH1 copy number gain
NOTCH1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NOTCH2
NOTCH2 copy number gain
NOTCH2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NOTCH3
NOTCH3 copy number gain
NOTCH3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NPM1
NPM1 copy number gain
NPM1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NR4A3
NR4A3 copy number gain
NR4A3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NRAS
NRAS copy number gain
NRAS copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NRG1
NRG1 copy number gain
NRG1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NSD1
NSD1 copy number gain
NSD1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NT5C2
NT5C2 copy number gain
NT5C2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NTRK1
NTRK1 copy number gain
NTRK1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NTRK3
NTRK3 copy number gain
NTRK3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NUMA1
NUMA1 copy number gain
NUMA1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NUP214
NUP214 copy number gain
NUP214 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NUP98
NUP98 copy number gain
NUP98 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NUTM1
NUTM1 copy number gain
NUTM1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NUTM2A
NUTM2A copy number gain
NUTM2A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NUTM2B
NUTM2B copy number gain
NUTM2B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.OLIG2
OLIG2 copy number gain
OLIG2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.OMD
OMD copy number gain
OMD copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.P2RY8
P2RY8 copy number gain
P2RY8 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PAFAH1B2
PAFAH1B2 copy number gain
PAFAH1B2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PALB2
PALB2 copy number gain
PALB2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PAX3
PAX3 copy number gain
PAX3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PAX5
PAX5 copy number gain
PAX5 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PAX7
PAX7 copy number gain
PAX7 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PAX8
PAX8 copy number gain
PAX8 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PBRM1
PBRM1 copy number gain
PBRM1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PBX1
PBX1 copy number gain
PBX1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PCM1
PCM1 copy number gain
PCM1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PCSK7
PCSK7 copy number gain
PCSK7 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PDCD1LG2
PDCD1LG2 copy number gain
PDCD1LG2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PDE4DIP
PDE4DIP copy number gain
PDE4DIP copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PDGFB
PDGFB copy number gain
PDGFB copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PDGFRA
PDGFRA copy number gain
PDGFRA copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PDGFRB
PDGFRB copy number gain
PDGFRB copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PER1
PER1 copy number gain
PER1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PHF6
PHF6 copy number gain
PHF6 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PHOX2B
PHOX2B copy number gain
PHOX2B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PICALM
PICALM copy number gain
PICALM copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PIK3CA
PIK3CA copy number gain
PIK3CA copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PIK3R1
PIK3R1 copy number gain
PIK3R1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PIM1
PIM1 copy number gain
PIM1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PLAG1
PLAG1 copy number gain
PLAG1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PLCG1
PLCG1 copy number gain
PLCG1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PML
PML copy number gain
PML copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PMS1
PMS1 copy number gain
PMS1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PMS2
PMS2 copy number gain
PMS2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.POLE
POLE copy number gain
POLE copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.POT1
POT1 copy number gain
POT1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.POU2AF1
POU2AF1 copy number gain
POU2AF1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.POU5F1
POU5F1 copy number gain
POU5F1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PPARG
PPARG copy number gain
PPARG copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PPFIBP1
PPFIBP1 copy number gain
PPFIBP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PPP2R1A
PPP2R1A copy number gain
PPP2R1A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PPP6C
PPP6C copy number gain
PPP6C copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PRCC
PRCC copy number gain
PRCC copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PRDM1
PRDM1 copy number gain
PRDM1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PRDM16
PRDM16 copy number gain
PRDM16 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PRF1
PRF1 copy number gain
PRF1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PRKAR1A
PRKAR1A copy number gain
PRKAR1A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PRRX1
PRRX1 copy number gain
PRRX1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PSIP1
PSIP1 copy number gain
PSIP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PTCH1
PTCH1 copy number gain
PTCH1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PTEN
PTEN copy number gain
PTEN copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PTPN11
PTPN11 copy number gain
PTPN11 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PTPRB
PTPRB copy number gain
PTPRB copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PTPRC
PTPRC copy number gain
PTPRC copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PTPRK
PTPRK copy number gain
PTPRK copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PWWP2A
PWWP2A copy number gain
PWWP2A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RABEP1
RABEP1 copy number gain
RABEP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RAC1
RAC1 copy number gain
RAC1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RAD21
RAD21 copy number gain
RAD21 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RAD51B
RAD51B copy number gain
RAD51B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RAF1
RAF1 copy number gain
RAF1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RALGDS
RALGDS copy number gain
RALGDS copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RANBP17
RANBP17 copy number gain
RANBP17 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RANBP2
RANBP2 copy number gain
RANBP2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RAP1GDS1
RAP1GDS1 copy number gain
RAP1GDS1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RARA
RARA copy number gain
RARA copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RB1
RB1 copy number gain
RB1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RBM15
RBM15 copy number gain
RBM15 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RECQL4
RECQL4 copy number gain
RECQL4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.REL
REL copy number gain
REL copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RET
RET copy number gain
RET copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RHOA
RHOA copy number gain
RHOA copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RHOH
RHOH copy number gain
RHOH copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RMI2
RMI2 copy number gain
RMI2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RNF213
RNF213 copy number gain
RNF213 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RNF43
RNF43 copy number gain
RNF43 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ROS1
ROS1 copy number gain
ROS1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RPL10
RPL10 copy number gain
RPL10 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RPL22
RPL22 copy number gain
RPL22 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RPL5
RPL5 copy number gain
RPL5 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RPN1
RPN1 copy number gain
RPN1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RSPO2
RSPO2 copy number gain
RSPO2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RSPO3
RSPO3 copy number gain
RSPO3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SNX29
SNX29 copy number gain
SNX29 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RUNX1
RUNX1 copy number gain
RUNX1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RUNX1T1
RUNX1T1 copy number gain
RUNX1T1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SBDS
SBDS copy number gain
SBDS copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SDC4
SDC4 copy number gain
SDC4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SDHAF2
SDHAF2 copy number gain
SDHAF2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SDHB
SDHB copy number gain
SDHB copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SDHC
SDHC copy number gain
SDHC copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SEPT5
SEPT5 copy number gain
SEPT5 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SEPT6
SEPT6 copy number gain
SEPT6 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SEPT9
SEPT9 copy number gain
SEPT9 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SET
SET copy number gain
SET copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SETBP1
SETBP1 copy number gain
SETBP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SETD2
SETD2 copy number gain
SETD2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SF3B1
SF3B1 copy number gain
SF3B1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SFPQ
SFPQ copy number gain
SFPQ copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SH2B3
SH2B3 copy number gain
SH2B3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SH3GL1
SH3GL1 copy number gain
SH3GL1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SLC34A2
SLC34A2 copy number gain
SLC34A2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SLC45A3
SLC45A3 copy number gain
SLC45A3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SMAD4
SMAD4 copy number gain
SMAD4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SMARCA4
SMARCA4 copy number gain
SMARCA4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SMARCB1
SMARCB1 copy number gain
SMARCB1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SMARCD1
SMARCD1 copy number gain
SMARCD1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SMARCE1
SMARCE1 copy number gain
SMARCE1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SMO
SMO copy number gain
SMO copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SND1
SND1 copy number gain
SND1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SOCS1
SOCS1 copy number gain
SOCS1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SOX2
SOX2 copy number gain
SOX2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SPECC1
SPECC1 copy number gain
SPECC1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SPEN
SPEN copy number gain
SPEN copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SPOP
SPOP copy number gain
SPOP copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SRGAP3
SRGAP3 copy number gain
SRGAP3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SRSF2
SRSF2 copy number gain
SRSF2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SRSF3
SRSF3 copy number gain
SRSF3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SS18
SS18 copy number gain
SS18 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SS18L1
SS18L1 copy number gain
SS18L1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SSX1
SSX1 copy number gain
SSX1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SSX2
SSX2 copy number gain
SSX2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SSX4
SSX4 copy number gain
SSX4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.STAG2
STAG2 copy number gain
STAG2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.STAT3
STAT3 copy number gain
STAT3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.STAT5B
STAT5B copy number gain
STAT5B copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.STAT6
STAT6 copy number gain
STAT6 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.STIL
STIL copy number gain
STIL copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.STK11
STK11 copy number gain
STK11 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.STRN
STRN copy number gain
STRN copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SUFU
SUFU copy number gain
SUFU copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SUZ12
SUZ12 copy number gain
SUZ12 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SYK
SYK copy number gain
SYK copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TAF15
TAF15 copy number gain
TAF15 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TAL1
TAL1 copy number gain
TAL1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TAL2
TAL2 copy number gain
TAL2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TBL1XR1
TBL1XR1 copy number gain
TBL1XR1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TBX3
TBX3 copy number gain
TBX3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TCEA1
TCEA1 copy number gain
TCEA1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TCF12
TCF12 copy number gain
TCF12 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TCF3
TCF3 copy number gain
TCF3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TCF7L2
TCF7L2 copy number gain
TCF7L2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TCL1A
TCL1A copy number gain
TCL1A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TERT
TERT copy number gain
TERT copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TET1
TET1 copy number gain
TET1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TET2
TET2 copy number gain
TET2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TFE3
TFE3 copy number gain
TFE3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TFEB
TFEB copy number gain
TFEB copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TFG
TFG copy number gain
TFG copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TFPT
TFPT copy number gain
TFPT copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TFRC
TFRC copy number gain
TFRC copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.THRAP3
THRAP3 copy number gain
THRAP3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TLX1
TLX1 copy number gain
TLX1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TLX3
TLX3 copy number gain
TLX3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TMPRSS2
TMPRSS2 copy number gain
TMPRSS2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TNFAIP3
TNFAIP3 copy number gain
TNFAIP3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TNFRSF14
TNFRSF14 copy number gain
TNFRSF14 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TNFRSF17
TNFRSF17 copy number gain
TNFRSF17 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TOP1
TOP1 copy number gain
TOP1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TP53
TP53 copy number gain
TP53 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TPM3
TPM3 copy number gain
TPM3 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TPM4
TPM4 copy number gain
TPM4 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TPR
TPR copy number gain
TPR copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TRAF7
TRAF7 copy number gain
TRAF7 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TRIM24
TRIM24 copy number gain
TRIM24 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TRIM27
TRIM27 copy number gain
TRIM27 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TRIM33
TRIM33 copy number gain
TRIM33 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TRIP11
TRIP11 copy number gain
TRIP11 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TRRAP
TRRAP copy number gain
TRRAP copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TSC1
TSC1 copy number gain
TSC1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TSC2
TSC2 copy number gain
TSC2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TSHR
TSHR copy number gain
TSHR copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TTL
TTL copy number gain
TTL copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.U2AF1
U2AF1 copy number gain
U2AF1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.UBR5
UBR5 copy number gain
UBR5 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.USP6
USP6 copy number gain
USP6 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.VHL
VHL copy number gain
VHL copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.VTI1A
VTI1A copy number gain
VTI1A copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.WAS
WAS copy number gain
WAS copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.WHSC1
WHSC1 copy number gain
WHSC1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.WHSC1L1
WHSC1L1 copy number gain
WHSC1L1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.WIF1
WIF1 copy number gain
WIF1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.WRN
WRN copy number gain
WRN copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.WT1
WT1 copy number gain
WT1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.WWTR1
WWTR1 copy number gain
WWTR1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.XPA
XPA copy number gain
XPA copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.XPC
XPC copy number gain
XPC copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.XPO1
XPO1 copy number gain
XPO1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.YWHAE
YWHAE copy number gain
YWHAE copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ZBTB16
ZBTB16 copy number gain
ZBTB16 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ZCCHC8
ZCCHC8 copy number gain
ZCCHC8 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ZMYM2
ZMYM2 copy number gain
ZMYM2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PATZ1
PATZ1 copy number gain
PATZ1 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ZNF331
ZNF331 copy number gain
ZNF331 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ZNF384
ZNF384 copy number gain
ZNF384 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ZNF521
ZNF521 copy number gain
ZNF521 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ZRSR2
ZRSR2 copy number gain
ZRSR2 copy number loss
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ABI1
ABI1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ABL1
ABL1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ACKR3
ACKR3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ACSL3
ACSL3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ACSL6
ACSL6 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ABL2
ABL2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ACVR1
ACVR1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AFF1
AFF1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AFF3
AFF3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AFF4
AFF4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AKAP9
AKAP9 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AKT1
AKT1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AKT2
AKT2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ALDH2
ALDH2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ALK
ALK any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AMER1
AMER1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.APC
APC any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AR
AR any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ARHGAP26
ARHGAP26 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ARHGEF12
ARHGEF12 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ARID1B
ARID1B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ARID2
ARID2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ARNT
ARNT any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ASPSCR1
ASPSCR1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ASXL1
ASXL1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ATF1
ATF1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ATIC
ATIC any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ATM
ATM any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ATP1A1
ATP1A1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ATP2B3
ATP2B3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ATR
ATR any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ATRX
ATRX any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AXIN1
AXIN1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.AXIN2
AXIN2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BAP1
BAP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL10
BCL10 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL11A
BCL11A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL11B
BCL11B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL2
BCL2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL3
BCL3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL6
BCL6 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL7A
BCL7A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCL9
BCL9 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCOR
BCOR any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BCR
BCR any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BIRC3
BIRC3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BLM
BLM any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BMPR1A
BMPR1A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BRAF
BRAF any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BRCA1
BRCA1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BRCA2
BRCA2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BRD3
BRD3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BRD4
BRD4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BRIP1
BRIP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BTG1
BTG1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.BUB1B
BUB1B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.C15ORF65
C15ORF65 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.C2ORF44
C2ORF44 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CACNA1D
CACNA1D any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CALR
CALR any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CAMTA1
CAMTA1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CANT1
CANT1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CARD11
CARD11 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CARS
CARS any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CASC5
CASC5 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CASP8
CASP8 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CBFA2T3
CBFA2T3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CBFB
CBFB any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CBL
CBL any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CBLB
CBLB any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CBLC
CBLC any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CCDC6
CCDC6 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CCNB1IP1
CCNB1IP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CCND1
CCND1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CCND2
CCND2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CCND3
CCND3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CCNE1
CCNE1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CD274
CD274 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CD74
CD74 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CD79A
CD79A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CD79B
CD79B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDC73
CDC73 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDH1
CDH1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDH11
CDH11 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDK12
CDK12 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDK4
CDK4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDK6
CDK6 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDKN1B
CDKN1B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDKN2A
CDKN2A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDKN2B
CDKN2B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDKN2C
CDKN2C any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CDX2
CDX2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CEBPA
CEBPA any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CEP89
CEP89 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CHCHD7
CHCHD7 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CHEK2
CHEK2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CHIC2
CHIC2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CHN1
CHN1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CIC
CIC any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CIITA
CIITA any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CLIP1
CLIP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CLP1
CLP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CLTC
CLTC any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CLTCL1
CLTCL1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CNBP
CNBP any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CNOT3
CNOT3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CNTRL
CNTRL any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.COL1A1
COL1A1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.COL2A1
COL2A1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.COX6C
COX6C any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CREB1
CREB1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CREB3L1
CREB3L1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CREB3L2
CREB3L2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CREBBP
CREBBP any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CRLF2
CRLF2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CRTC1
CRTC1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CRTC3
CRTC3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CSF1R
CSF1R any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CSF3R
CSF3R any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CTNNB1
CTNNB1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CUX1
CUX1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.CYLD
CYLD any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DAXX
DAXX any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DCTN1
DCTN1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DDB2
DDB2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DDIT3
DDIT3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DDX10
DDX10 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DDX5
DDX5 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DDX6
DDX6 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DEK
DEK any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DICER1
DICER1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DNM2
DNM2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DNMT3A
DNMT3A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.DUX4
DUX4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EBF1
EBF1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ECT2L
ECT2L any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EGFR
EGFR any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EIF3E
EIF3E any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EIF4A2
EIF4A2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ELF4
ELF4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ELK4
ELK4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ELL
ELL any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ELN
ELN any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EML4
EML4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EPHA3
EPHA3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EP300
EP300 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EPS15
EPS15 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERBB2
ERBB2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERBB3
ERBB3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERC1
ERC1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERCC2
ERCC2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERCC3
ERCC3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERCC4
ERCC4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERCC5
ERCC5 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ERG
ERG any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ESR1
ESR1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ETNK1
ETNK1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ETV1
ETV1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ETV4
ETV4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ETV5
ETV5 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ETV6
ETV6 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EWSR1
EWSR1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EXT1
EXT1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EXT2
EXT2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EZH2
EZH2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.EZR
EZR any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FAM131B
FAM131B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FAM46C
FAM46C any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FANCA
FANCA any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FANCC
FANCC any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FANCD2
FANCD2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FANCE
FANCE any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FANCF
FANCF any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FANCG
FANCG any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FAS
FAS any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FBXO11
FBXO11 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FBXW7
FBXW7 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FCGR2B
FCGR2B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FCRL4
FCRL4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FEV
FEV any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FGFR1
FGFR1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FGFR1OP
FGFR1OP any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FGFR2
FGFR2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FGFR3
FGFR3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FGFR4
FGFR4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FH
FH any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FHIT
FHIT any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FIP1L1
FIP1L1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FLCN
FLCN any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FLI1
FLI1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FLT3
FLT3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FLT4
FLT4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FNBP1
FNBP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FOXA1
FOXA1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FOXL2
FOXL2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FOXO1
FOXO1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FOXO3
FOXO3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FOXO4
FOXO4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FOXO4
FOXO4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FOXP1
FOXP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FSTL3
FSTL3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FUBP1
FUBP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.FUS
FUS any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GAS7
GAS7 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GATA1
GATA1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GATA2
GATA2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GATA3
GATA3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GMPS
GMPS any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GNA11
GNA11 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GNAQ
GNAQ any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GNAS
GNAS any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GOLGA5
GOLGA5 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GOPC
GOPC any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GPC3
GPC3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GPHN
GPHN any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.GRIN2A
GRIN2A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.H3F3A
H3F3A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.H3F3B
H3F3B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HERPUD1
HERPUD1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HEY1
HEY1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HIP1
HIP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HIST1H3B
HIST1H3B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HIST1H4I
HIST1H4I any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HLA-A
HLA-A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HLF
HLF any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HMGA1
HMGA1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HMGA2
HMGA2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HNF1A
HNF1A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HNRNPA2B1
HNRNPA2B1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOOK3
HOOK3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOXA11
HOXA11 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOXA13
HOXA13 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOXA9
HOXA9 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOXC11
HOXC11 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOXC13
HOXC13 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOXD11
HOXD11 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HOXD13
HOXD13 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HRAS
HRAS any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HSP90AA1
HSP90AA1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.HSP90AB1
HSP90AB1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IDH1
IDH1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IDH2
IDH2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IKBKB
IKBKB any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IKZF1
IKZF1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IL2
IL2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IL21R
IL21R any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IL6ST
IL6ST any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IL7R
IL7R any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.IRF4
IRF4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ITK
ITK any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.JAK1
JAK1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.JAK2
JAK2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.JAK3
JAK3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.JAZF1
JAZF1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.JUN
JUN any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KAT6A
KAT6A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KAT6B
KAT6B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KCNJ5
KCNJ5 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KDM5A
KDM5A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KDM5C
KDM5C any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KDM6A
KDM6A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KDR
KDR any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KDSR
KDSR any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KIAA1549
KIAA1549 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KIAA1598
KIAA1598 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KIF5B
KIF5B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KIT
KIT any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KLF4
KLF4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KLF6
KLF6 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KLK2
KLK2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KMT2A
KMT2A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KMT2C
KMT2C any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KMT2D
KMT2D any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KRAS
KRAS any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.KTN1
KTN1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LASP1
LASP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LCK
LCK any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LCP1
LCP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LHFP
LHFP any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LIFR
LIFR any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LMNA
LMNA any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LMO1
LMO1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LMO2
LMO2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LPP
LPP any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LRIG3
LRIG3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LSM14A
LSM14A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LYL1
LYL1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.LZTR1
LZTR1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAF
MAF any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAFB
MAFB any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MALT1
MALT1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAML2
MAML2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAP2K1
MAP2K1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAP2K2
MAP2K2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAP2K4
MAP2K4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAP3K1
MAP3K1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAP3K13
MAP3K13 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MAX
MAX any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MDM2
MDM2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MDM4
MDM4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MDS2
MDS2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MECOM
MECOM any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MED12
MED12 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MEN1
MEN1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MET
MET any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MITF
MITF any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MKL1
MKL1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLF1
MLF1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLH1
MLH1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLLT1
MLLT1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLLT10
MLLT10 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLLT11
MLLT11 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLLT3
MLLT3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLLT4
MLLT4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MLLT6
MLLT6 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MN1
MN1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MNX1
MNX1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MPL
MPL any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MSH2
MSH2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MSH6
MSH6 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MSI2
MSI2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MSN
MSN any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MTCP1
MTCP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MUC1
MUC1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MUTYH
MUTYH any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYB
MYB any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYC
MYC any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYCL
MYCL any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYCN
MYCN any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYD88
MYD88 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYH11
MYH11 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYH9
MYH9 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYO5A
MYO5A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.MYOD1
MYOD1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NAB2
NAB2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NACA
NACA any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NBN
NBN any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NCKIPSD
NCKIPSD any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NCOA1
NCOA1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NCOA2
NCOA2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NCOA4
NCOA4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NCOR1
NCOR1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NDRG1
NDRG1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NF1
NF1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NF2
NF2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NFATC2
NFATC2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NFE2L2
NFE2L2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NFIB
NFIB any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NFKB2
NFKB2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NFKBIE
NFKBIE any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NIN
NIN any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NKX2-1
NKX2-1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NONO
NONO any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NOTCH1
NOTCH1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NOTCH2
NOTCH2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NOTCH3
NOTCH3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NPM1
NPM1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NR4A3
NR4A3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NRAS
NRAS any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NRG1
NRG1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NSD1
NSD1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NT5C2
NT5C2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NTRK1
NTRK1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NTRK3
NTRK3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NUMA1
NUMA1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NUP214
NUP214 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NUP98
NUP98 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NUTM1
NUTM1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NUTM2A
NUTM2A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.NUTM2B
NUTM2B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.OLIG2
OLIG2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.OMD
OMD any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.P2RY8
P2RY8 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PAFAH1B2
PAFAH1B2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PALB2
PALB2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PAX3
PAX3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PAX5
PAX5 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PAX7
PAX7 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PAX8
PAX8 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PBRM1
PBRM1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PBX1
PBX1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PCM1
PCM1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PCSK7
PCSK7 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PDCD1LG2
PDCD1LG2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PDE4DIP
PDE4DIP any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PDGFB
PDGFB any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PDGFRA
PDGFRA any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PDGFRB
PDGFRB any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PER1
PER1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PHF6
PHF6 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PHOX2B
PHOX2B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PICALM
PICALM any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PIK3CA
PIK3CA any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PIK3R1
PIK3R1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PIM1
PIM1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PLAG1
PLAG1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PLCG1
PLCG1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PML
PML any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PMS1
PMS1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PMS2
PMS2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.POLE
POLE any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.POT1
POT1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.POU2AF1
POU2AF1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.POU5F1
POU5F1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PPARG
PPARG any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PPFIBP1
PPFIBP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PPP2R1A
PPP2R1A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PPP6C
PPP6C any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PRCC
PRCC any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PRDM1
PRDM1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PRDM16
PRDM16 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PRF1
PRF1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PRKAR1A
PRKAR1A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PRRX1
PRRX1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PSIP1
PSIP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PTCH1
PTCH1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PTEN
PTEN any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PTPN11
PTPN11 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PTPRB
PTPRB any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PTPRC
PTPRC any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PTPRK
PTPRK any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PWWP2A
PWWP2A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RABEP1
RABEP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RAC1
RAC1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RAD21
RAD21 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RAD51B
RAD51B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RAF1
RAF1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RALGDS
RALGDS any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RANBP17
RANBP17 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RANBP2
RANBP2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RAP1GDS1
RAP1GDS1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RARA
RARA any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RB1
RB1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RBM15
RBM15 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RECQL4
RECQL4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.REL
REL any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RET
RET any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RHOA
RHOA any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RHOH
RHOH any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RMI2
RMI2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RNF213
RNF213 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RNF43
RNF43 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ROS1
ROS1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RPL10
RPL10 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RPL22
RPL22 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RPL5
RPL5 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RPN1
RPN1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RSPO2
RSPO2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RSPO3
RSPO3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SNX29
SNX29 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RUNX1
RUNX1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.RUNX1T1
RUNX1T1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SBDS
SBDS any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SDC4
SDC4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SDHAF2
SDHAF2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SDHB
SDHB any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SDHC
SDHC any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SEPT5
SEPT5 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SEPT6
SEPT6 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SEPT9
SEPT9 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SET
SET any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SETBP1
SETBP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SETD2
SETD2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SF3B1
SF3B1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SFPQ
SFPQ any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SH2B3
SH2B3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SH3GL1
SH3GL1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SLC34A2
SLC34A2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SLC45A3
SLC45A3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SMAD4
SMAD4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SMARCA4
SMARCA4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SMARCB1
SMARCB1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SMARCD1
SMARCD1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SMARCE1
SMARCE1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SMO
SMO any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SND1
SND1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SOCS1
SOCS1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SOX2
SOX2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SPECC1
SPECC1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SPEN
SPEN any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SPOP
SPOP any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SRGAP3
SRGAP3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SRSF2
SRSF2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SRSF3
SRSF3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SS18
SS18 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SS18L1
SS18L1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SSX1
SSX1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SSX2
SSX2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SSX4
SSX4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.STAG2
STAG2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.STAT3
STAT3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.STAT5B
STAT5B any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.STAT6
STAT6 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.STIL
STIL any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.STK11
STK11 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.STRN
STRN any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SUFU
SUFU any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SUZ12
SUZ12 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.SYK
SYK any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TAF15
TAF15 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TAL1
TAL1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TAL2
TAL2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TBL1XR1
TBL1XR1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TBX3
TBX3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TCEA1
TCEA1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TCF12
TCF12 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TCF3
TCF3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TCF7L2
TCF7L2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TCL1A
TCL1A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TERT
TERT any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TET1
TET1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TET2
TET2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TFE3
TFE3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TFEB
TFEB any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TFG
TFG any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TFPT
TFPT any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TFRC
TFRC any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.THRAP3
THRAP3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TLX1
TLX1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TLX3
TLX3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TMPRSS2
TMPRSS2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TNFAIP3
TNFAIP3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TNFRSF14
TNFRSF14 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TNFRSF17
TNFRSF17 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TOP1
TOP1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TPM3
TPM3 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TPM4
TPM4 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TPR
TPR any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TRAF7
TRAF7 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TRIM24
TRIM24 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TRIM27
TRIM27 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TRIM33
TRIM33 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TRIP11
TRIP11 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TRRAP
TRRAP any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TSC1
TSC1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TSC2
TSC2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TSHR
TSHR any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.TTL
TTL any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.U2AF1
U2AF1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.UBR5
UBR5 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.USP6
USP6 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.VHL
VHL any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.VTI1A
VTI1A any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.WAS
WAS any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.WHSC1
WHSC1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.WHSC1L1
WHSC1L1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.WIF1
WIF1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.WRN
WRN any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.WT1
WT1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.WWTR1
WWTR1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.XPA
XPA any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.XPC
XPC any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.XPO1
XPO1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.YWHAE
YWHAE any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ZBTB16
ZBTB16 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ZCCHC8
ZCCHC8 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ZMYM2
ZMYM2 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.PATZ1
PATZ1 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ZNF331
ZNF331 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ZNF384
ZNF384 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ZNF521
ZNF521 any mutation
2This gene is a known cancer gene.ZRSR2
ZRSR2 any mutation
PMKB Bot
  • Genes
  • Variants
  • Interpretations
  • Tumor Types
  • Primary Sites
  • Activity

Disclaimer: You assume full responsibility for all risks associated with using this PMKB website. The Englander Institute for Precision Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine makes no guarantee of the comprehensiveness, reliability or accuracy of the information on this website and assumes no responsibility for errors in the information associated with this web site. Healthcare providers and patients must integrate all clinical and laboratory findings as well as information from a variety of sources before deciding on appropriate clinical care options.


When using PMKB, please cite: Huang et al., JAMIA 2017


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