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KRAS
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Interpretation 247
Tier 2
KRAS
Variants
Primary Sites
Ampulla (Pancreaticobiliary Duct)
Pancreas
Tumor Types
Interpretation

KRAS is a gene that encodes one of the several proteins in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway that is important in the development and progression of cancer. KRAS can harbor oncogenic mutations that yield a constitutively active protein. The frequency of the KRAS gene mutations in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) varies from 38.2% to 100%. There appears to be no significant difference among the incidence of KRAS mutation in the various grades of dysplasia: 87% in low-grade, 90.2% in intermediate grade and 70.7% in high-grade dysplasia. This mutation is considered to be an early event in the neoplastic transformation of IPMNs. KRAS mutations have the highest frequency in the pancreatobiliary subtype (100%) and the lowest frequency in the intestinal subtype (46.2%). Studies demonstrate that KRAS mutations in different tumors may have various biological, prognostic, and possibly therapeutic implications in some settings.

Citations
  1. Eser S, et al. Oncogenic KRAS signalling in pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2014;111(5):817-22
  2. Paini M, et al. Molecular pathology of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20(29):10008-23
  3. Z'graggen K, et al. Prevalence of activating K-ras mutations in the evolutionary stages of neoplasia in intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas. Ann Surg 1997;226(4):491-8; discussion 498-500
  4. Wu J, et al. Recurrent GNAS mutations define an unexpected pathway for pancreatic cyst development. Sci Transl Med 2011;3(92):92ra66
  5. Jang JY, et al. Increased K-ras mutation and expression of S100A4 and MUC2 protein in the malignant intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2009;16(5):668-74
Last updated: 2016-03-18 21:03:01 UTC
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