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KRAS
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Interpretation 228
Tier 2
KRAS
Variants
KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
Primary Sites
Thyroid
Tumor Types
Papillary Carcinoma
Follicular Carcinoma
Interpretation

RAS mutations (HRAS, NRAS and KRAS) are found in all epithelial thyroid malignancies. The frequency of KRAS mutations in thyroid carcinomas is 2-3%. Overall, RAS mutations are identified in 10--20% of papillary carcinomas (follicular variant), 40--50% of follicular carcinomas and 20--40% of poorly differentiated and anaplastic carcinomas. Of note, RAS point mutations are mutually exclusive with other thyroid mutations such as BRAF, RET/PTC, or TRK rearrangements in papillary thyroid cancers. In follicular carcinomas, RAS mutations are mutually exclusive with PAX8-PPARG rearrangements. RAS mutations have also been associated with more aggressive disease and distant metastasis. The therapeutic implications of RAS mutations in thyroid cancer are unknown at this time.

Citations
  1. Nikiforov YE Molecular diagnostics of thyroid tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2011;135(5):569-77
  2. Nikiforov YE Molecular analysis of thyroid tumors. Mod Pathol 2011;24 Suppl 2():S34-43
  3. Radkay LA, et al. Thyroid nodules with KRAS mutations are different from nodules with NRAS and HRAS mutations with regard to cytopathologic and histopathologic outcome characteristics. Cancer Cytopathol 2014;122(12):873-82
Last updated: 2019-01-22 19:27:00 UTC
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