ETV6 is a transcriptional repressor and is frequently involved in translocations with a variety of different partner genes in a range of hematologic malignancies. Mutations of ETV6 have been described in <5% of myelodysplastic syndromes and appear to be more frequent (ie, 10-24% of cases) in early T cell precursor type (immature) acute lymphoblastic leukemias. In addition, ETV6 mutations have been reported in association with hereditary myeloid disorders. These mutations occur throughout the gene and typically correspond to loss of function mutations (nonsense and frameshift mutations). ETV6 mutations may occasionally occur in a homozygous/hemizygous manner and tend to occur with mutations in NOTCH1 in lymphoblastic leukemia. In MDS, ETV6 mutations have been independently associated with an adverse prognosis. If clinical findings and family history are concerning for the presence of an inherited disorder, then genetic counseling may be helpful, if clinically indicated.