Mutations of CSF1R (M-CSF receptor) at codon 969 were initially reported in approximately 10-20% of cases of myelodsyplasia and acute myeloid leukemia including cases of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation. However, other studies have not been able to reproduce those findings. In addition to the Y969 mutation, other mutations in CSF1R as well as translocations involving CSF1R have been described in CSF1R. Interestingly, other mutations in CSF1R have also been reported to be associated with different disease, namely hereditary diffuse leukoenceophalopathy with spheroids.