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NRAS
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Interpretation 166
Tier 1
NRAS
Variants
NRAS Q61H
NRAS Q61L
NRAS Q61K
NRAS Q61R
Primary Sites
Thyroid
Tumor Types
Follicular Carcinoma
Papillary Carcinoma
Interpretation

NRAS gene belongs to the family of RAS genes. It encodes a G protein that is important in the transmission of growth-promoting signals from the cell surface receptors to the nucleus through RAS-RAF- mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT cell signaling pathways. NRAS mutations are the most common type of RAS mutations in thyroid nodules. Activating point mutations in NRAS gene have been associated with follicular-patterned neoplasms including follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma and follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma cases. NRAS mutations have been also detected in a subset of poorly differentiated carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma. NRAS mutations concentrate in codon 61, while those in codons 12 or 13 are rare. According to some studies, there is a significant correlation between RAS mutations and distant bone metastases among follicular and papillary carcinomas. However, RAS mutations are also frequently found in encapsulated follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, a tumor with an indolent behavior. Clinical correlation is recommended.

Citations
  1. Nikiforov YE Molecular diagnostics of thyroid tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2011;135(5):569-77
  2. Bae JS, et al. Impact of NRAS Mutations on the Diagnosis of Follicular Neoplasm of the Thyroid. Int J Endocrinol 2014;2014():289834
  3. Fernandez-Medarde A, et al. Ras in cancer and developmental diseases. Genes Cancer 2011;2(3):344-58
  4. Radkay LA, et al. Thyroid nodules with KRAS mutations are different from nodules with NRAS and HRAS mutations with regard to cytopathologic and histopathologic outcome characteristics. Cancer Cytopathol 2014;122(12):873-82
Last updated: 2016-06-25 19:38:54 UTC
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When using PMKB, please cite: Huang et al., JAMIA 2017


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