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KRAS

Interpretations

By Variant(s)

KRAS G12A

KRAS G12V

KRAS G12D

KRAS G12C

KRAS G12S

KRAS G12R

KRAS G13D

KRAS G13C

KRAS G13S

KRAS G13R

KRAS Q61H

KRAS Q61L

KRAS Q61K

KRAS Q61R

KRAS A146T

KRAS A146V

KRAS A146P

KRAS A11V

KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any

KRAS codon(s) 12 any

KRAS K117N

KRAS codon(s) 117 any

KRAS Q22K

KRAS V14I

KRAS L19F

KRAS copy number gain

KRAS copy number loss

KRAS any mutation

By Tumor

  • Acinar Cell Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Acinic Cell Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Acute Myeloid Leukemia
    • KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Adenocarcinoma
    • KRAS G12A, KRAS G12V, KRAS G12D, KRAS G12C, KRAS G12S, KRAS G12R, KRAS G13C, KRAS G13S, KRAS G13R, KRAS Q61H, KRAS Q61L, KRAS Q61K, KRAS Q61R, KRAS A146T, KRAS A146V, KRAS A146P, KRAS A11V, KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
    • KRAS G12A, KRAS G12V, KRAS G12D, KRAS G12C, KRAS G12S, KRAS G12R, KRAS G13D, KRAS G13C, KRAS G13S, KRAS G13R, KRAS Q61H, KRAS Q61L, KRAS Q61K, KRAS Q61R, KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
    • KRAS G12A, KRAS G12V, KRAS G12D, KRAS G12C, KRAS G12S, KRAS G12R, KRAS G13D, KRAS G13C, KRAS G13S, KRAS G13R, KRAS Q61H, KRAS Q61L, KRAS Q61K, KRAS Q61R, KRAS A146T, KRAS A146V, KRAS A146P, KRAS A11V, KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
    • KRAS G12D, KRAS codon(s) 12 any
    • KRAS Q22K
    • KRAS G12A, KRAS G12V, KRAS G12D, KRAS G12S, KRAS G12R
    • KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
    • KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
    • KRAS V14I
    • KRAS G12V, KRAS G12D, KRAS G12C, KRAS G12S, KRAS G12R, KRAS G13D, KRAS G13C, KRAS G13S, KRAS G13R, KRAS G12A
    • KRAS L19F
    • KRAS G13D
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
    • KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
  • Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Adenosarcoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Ameloblastic Tumor
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Angiomatosis
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Angiomyolipoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Angiosarcoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Astrocytoma, Anaplastic
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • B Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma
    • KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Basal Cell Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Burkitt Lymphoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Carcinoid Tumor
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Carcinoma
    • KRAS G12A, KRAS G12V, KRAS G12D, KRAS G12C, KRAS G12S, KRAS G12R, KRAS G13D, KRAS G13C, KRAS G13S, KRAS G13R, KRAS Q61H, KRAS Q61L, KRAS Q61K, KRAS Q61R, KRAS A146T, KRAS A146V, KRAS A146P, KRAS A11V, KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Carcinosarcoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Cholangiocarcinoma
    • KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Chondrosarcoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Chordoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Choriocarcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
    • KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Clear Cell Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Craniopharyngioma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Dermatofibrosarcoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Ductal Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Ependymoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Essential Thrombocythemia
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Ewing Sarcoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Fibromatosis
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Follicular Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Follicular Lymphoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Germ Cell Tumor
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Giant Cell Tumor
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Glioblastoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Glomus Tumor
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Granular Cell Tumor
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Hairy Cell Leukemia
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Hemangioendothelioma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasms
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Kaposi Sarcoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Leiomyoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Leiomyosarcoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Lipoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Liposarcoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Lobular Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Malignant Mullerian Mixed Tumor
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Mantle Cell Lymphoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Marginal Zone B Cell Lymphoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Mast Cell Neoplasm
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • MDS with Ring Sideroblasts
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Medullary Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Medulloblastoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Melanoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Meningioma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Merkel Cell Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Mesothelioma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Mucinous Tumors of Appendix
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Mucinous Tumors of Ovary
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Myelodysplastic Syndrome
    • KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Myxofibrosarcoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Neuroblastoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Neuroendocrine Neoplasm
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • NK Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • NLPHL
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Oligodendroglioma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Osteosarcoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Papillary Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Pheochromocytoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Plasma Cell Disorder
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Polycythemia Vera
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Primary Myelofibrosis
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Renal Cell Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Reninoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Retinoblastoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Rhabdomyosarcoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Sarcoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Schwannoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Serous Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Sex Cord Stromal Tumor
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Small Cell Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of Pancreas
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Spindle Cell Neoplasm
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    • KRAS G12A, KRAS G12V, KRAS G12D, KRAS G12C, KRAS G12S, KRAS G12R, KRAS G13D, KRAS G13C, KRAS G13S, KRAS G13R, KRAS Q61H, KRAS Q61L, KRAS Q61K, KRAS Q61R, KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • T Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • T Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma
    • KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • T-Cell LGL Leukemia
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Thymic Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Thymoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Urothelial Carcinoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Tumors of Peripheral Nerves
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Unknown
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Wilms Tumor
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Ependymoma, Anaplastic
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Astrocytoma, Pilocytic
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Ganglioglioma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Neuroepithelial Neoplasm, NOS
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Pleomorphic Carcinoma
    • KRAS G12A, KRAS G12V, KRAS G12D, KRAS G12C, KRAS G12S, KRAS G12R, KRAS G13D, KRAS G13C, KRAS G13S, KRAS G13R, KRAS Q61H, KRAS Q61L, KRAS Q61K, KRAS Q61R, KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Solitary Fibrous Tumor
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Neuroepithelial neoplasm, high grade
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Leukocytosis
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Thrombocytosis
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Monocytosis
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Cytopenia
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Other Acute Leukemia
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Astrocytoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Acute Leukemia of Unspecified Cell Type
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Anemia, Unspecified
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Astrocytoma, Diffusely Infiltrating
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Diffuse Midline Glioma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Infiltrating Glioma, NOS
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN)
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Leukopenia
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Lymphadenopathy
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Lymphocytosis, Symptomatic
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Monoclonal Gammopathy
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Mucinous or Serous Cystic Neoplasms of Pancreas
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Mycosis Fungoides, Unspecified Site
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Oligodendroglioma, Anaplastic
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Rash and Other Nonspecific Skin Eruption
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Thrombocytopenia, Unspecified
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Eosinophilia
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Myeloid Neoplasm
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Polycythemia
    • KRAS copy number gain, KRAS copy number loss
    • KRAS any mutation
  • Information
  • View History
  • Suggested Revisions
Interpretation 152
Variant(s)KRAS G12A
KRAS G12V
KRAS G12D
KRAS G12C
KRAS G12S
KRAS G12R
KRAS G13C
KRAS G13S
KRAS G13R
KRAS Q61H
KRAS Q61L
KRAS Q61K
KRAS Q61R
KRAS A146T
KRAS A146V
KRAS A146P
KRAS A11V
KRAS codon(s) 12, 13, 61, 117, 146 any
Tumor(s)Adenocarcinoma
Tissue(s)Colon
Rectum
Tier1
Interpretation

KRAS is a gene that encodes one of the several proteins in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway that is important in the development and progression of cancer. KRAS can harbor oncogenic mutations that yield a constitutively active protein. Such mutations are found in approximately 30% to 50% of metastatic colorectal tumors and are common in other tumor types. Mutations in the KRAS gene may indicate poor prognosis and poor drug response with therapies targeted to EGFR. The absence of a KRAS mutation predicts a greater likelihood of response to EGFR-targeted therapies and improved survival with such treatment. The relevant KRAS mutation is in one of five codons (12 13, 61, 117 or 146). The presence of KRAS mutations in codon 12, 13 or 61 is associated with a high likelihood of resistance to therapies targeting EGFR. In addition, mutations at codons 117 and 146 may also be associated with reduced response to EGFR-targeted therapies. Results should be interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory and clinical findings. Drug resistance: Panitumumab Cetuximab

Citations

Janakiraman M, et al. Genomic and biological characterization of exon 4 KRAS mutations in human cancer. Cancer Res 2010;70(14):5901-11

Douillard JY, et al. Panitumumab-FOLFOX4 treatment and RAS mutations in colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2013;369(11):1023-34

Lievre A, et al. KRAS mutations as an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(3):374-9

Amado RG, et al. Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(10):1626-34

Pao W, et al. KRAS mutations and primary resistance of lung adenocarcinomas to gefitinib or erlotinib. PLoS Med 2005;2(1):e17

Querings S, et al. Benchmarking of mutation diagnostics in clinical lung cancer specimens. PLoS One 2011;6(5):e19601

Bokemeyer C, et al. Efficacy according to biomarker status of cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: the OPUS study. Ann Oncol 2011;22(7):1535-46

De Roock W, et al. Effects of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, and PIK3CA mutations on the efficacy of cetuximab plus chemotherapy in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective consortium analysis. Lancet Oncol 2010;11(8):753-62

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